{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH","short_pith_number":"pith:HUVCBVFT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"886eaed1c6731c4130dd6c96c9165eb857326876685912c9b93ea65f9e311421","abstract_canon_sha256":"c0fa3d1a303245280b8b19097850c00392c79237bb9423087a615d88f933ca5f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d2a20d4b3925f49bb977aaa8f8c0431c695d843e913418e3bd0a46c98db7c1e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1210.8154","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.8154","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.8154v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.8154","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HUVCBVFTSJPU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HUVCBVFT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"886eaed1c6731c4130dd6c96c9165eb857326876685912c9b93ea65f9e311421","abstract_canon_sha256":"c0fa3d1a303245280b8b19097850c00392c79237bb9423087a615d88f933ca5f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d2a20d4b3925f49bb977aaa8f8c0431c695d843e913418e3bd0a46c98db7c1e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.552188Z","signature_b64":"gVMkG8mMWUrd5pBDvP0bJcStlDyZ3cTF1L1TcTxBVl1eO5Xy9iSBsdpz3eZ+4fk907LgD6hjtp7zsr3klc+RBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3d2a20d4b3925f49bb977aaa8f8c0431c695d843e913418e3bd0a46c98db7c1e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.551797Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.551797Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1210.8154","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+ZZ8kVHaK0zNDlx7xeVjceHsUiAqEZhU6wrqfjf8sVfcrBN66GS33cCnwVqAIeir8bcyYZbSCfiqNkFkTPnIDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:19:02.445406Z"},"content_sha256":"fc61a37e002f79a62006b887ccbd03df8bba6cfaee9074a174ba995635ef49ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc61a37e002f79a62006b887ccbd03df8bba6cfaee9074a174ba995635ef49ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Convection driven by internal heating","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.geo-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"David Goluskin, Edward A. Spiegel","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are conducted for convection sustained by uniform internal heating in a horizontal fluid layer. Top and bottom boundary temperatures are fixed and equal. Prandtl numbers range from 0.01 to 100, and Rayleigh numbers (R) are up to 5x10^5 times the critical R at the onset of convection. The asymmetry between upward and downward heat fluxes is non-monotonic in R. In a broad high-R regime, dimensionless mean temperature scales as R^{-1/5}. We discuss the scaling of mean temperature and heat-flux-asymmetry, which we argue are better diagnostic quantities "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/J7qAcSKNGo2WEG0D7VWZxSDVH5Vdjxqb3aUzwt83yEk/It+IkuIIU+lBKPk+27y8WhKgS2DKdNRBoLDymVNCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:19:02.445767Z"},"content_sha256":"ef3caf612adae97b178428e1467b84f7e1112c9bbafc8304596e5578aabee1e5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef3caf612adae97b178428e1467b84f7e1112c9bbafc8304596e5578aabee1e5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T21:19:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4XPKVI7DAEGH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c0fa3d1a303245280b8b19097850c00392c79237bb9423087a615d88f933ca5f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"886eaed1c6731c4130dd6c96c9165eb857326876685912c9b93ea65f9e311421"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.8154","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.8154v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.8154","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HUVCBVFTSJPU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HUVCBVFTSJPUTO4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HUVCBVFT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef3caf612adae97b178428e1467b84f7e1112c9bbafc8304596e5578aabee1e5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are conducted for convection sustained by uniform internal heating in a horizontal fluid layer. Top and bottom boundary temperatures are fixed and equal. Prandtl numbers range from 0.01 to 100, and Rayleigh numbers (R) are up to 5x10^5 times the critical R at the onset of convection. The asymmetry between upward and downward heat fluxes is non-monotonic in R. In a broad high-R regime, dimensionless mean temperature scales as R^{-1/5}. We discuss the scaling of mean temperature and heat-flux-asymmetry, which we argue are better diagnostic quantities ","authors_text":"David Goluskin, Edward A. Spiegel","cross_cats":["physics.geo-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","title":"Convection driven by internal heating"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fc61a37e002f79a62006b887ccbd03df8bba6cfaee9074a174ba995635ef49ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c0fa3d1a303245280b8b19097850c00392c79237bb9423087a615d88f933ca5f","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2012-10-30T20:01:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"886eaed1c6731c4130dd6c96c9165eb857326876685912c9b93ea65f9e311421"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.8154","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3d2a20d4b3925f49bb977aaa8f8c0431c695d843e913418e3bd0a46c98db7c1e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3d2a20d4b3925f49bb977aaa8f8c0431c695d843e913418e3bd0a46c98db7c1e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.551797Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.551797Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gVMkG8mMWUrd5pBDvP0bJcStlDyZ3cTF1L1TcTxBVl1eO5Xy9iSBsdpz3eZ+4fk907LgD6hjtp7zsr3klc+RBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:25:05.552188Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1210.8154","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fc61a37e002f79a62006b887ccbd03df8bba6cfaee9074a174ba995635ef49ce","sha256:ef3caf612adae97b178428e1467b84f7e1112c9bbafc8304596e5578aabee1e5"],"state_sha256":"91f5f3a0a3a7666be3888637eca2fa15ff505789126795ef24e615f91a2c9581"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VXDtsmeED15Hlar+Lz67jwT+zbjPF3Sk1Co+aEKBLSC+LwIT3TR9xap3Iw/hizBTQg4oUz4EG52bWnCRmwzVCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T21:19:02.448219Z","bundle_sha256":"7ccb9095e642285928cb3dd6737a9ce3caa41bbadf2fdc2d93129bdefc62e8e6"}}