{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM","short_pith_number":"pith:HVC27MLW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"55cbfc072f3115c556999d45f905a86478f9dcb0436ffab8b6c89f478cf89ac4","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e25225b0840bb08390468cf842128d89a2f6a1e00d47aef91a2cac601a5f4f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d45afb1769181923537727dbf4ab66b1dd4172a2b3b4745c5d1474e710e5acc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.02611","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.02611","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.02611v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.02611","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HVC27MLWSGAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HVC27MLWSGAZENJX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HVC27MLW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"55cbfc072f3115c556999d45f905a86478f9dcb0436ffab8b6c89f478cf89ac4","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e25225b0840bb08390468cf842128d89a2f6a1e00d47aef91a2cac601a5f4f3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d45afb1769181923537727dbf4ab66b1dd4172a2b3b4745c5d1474e710e5acc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295420Z","signature_b64":"A7ideraAqn2HFlZ29vqtV067tcWp17kgvUZsC6asAZFJoqiZoG+5ZESnZzNr0gl+qDDq4nXaE25Z3ugQK4vLBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3d45afb1769181923537727dbf4ab66b1dd4172a2b3b4745c5d1474e710e5acc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295009Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295009Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.02611","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gb81VVwxFTVObhW/hmL9ky6KTxvWKqMGzYvFu73MgBmO61ETNlnC2YskskfOfOqg4mioK130EH2xCA9FNQ9fBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T10:14:15.658823Z"},"content_sha256":"70a95e0da0693a2dc83ad09ea110f4ac0966eab51a5314df9800ca3bca184f06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:70a95e0da0693a2dc83ad09ea110f4ac0966eab51a5314df9800ca3bca184f06"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Subhalo sinking and off-center massive black holes in dwarf galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Joseph Silk, Pierre Boldrini, Roya Mohayaee","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using fully GPU $N$-body simulations, we demonstrate for the first time that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central massive black hole (MBH) out to tens of parsecs, especially at early epochs ($z$=1.5-3). This mechanism helps explain the observed off-center BHs in dwarf galaxies and also predicts that off-center BHs are more common in higher mass dwarf galaxies since dynamical friction becomes significantly weaker and BHs take more time to sink back towards the centres of their host galaxies. One con"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.02611/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GYfVdEJh91gIxRBvDfLwVILCkM3UnMkkUakQ02FQYl2ot6e1KWndyal9HI7ZPAQ29lncrEjBgvvbUvhDF4geDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T10:14:15.659203Z"},"content_sha256":"65ec8209fddfc7e9f70205bbe2c9a62fecfcee7da24f3a1c4d004a8bd9f66695","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:65ec8209fddfc7e9f70205bbe2c9a62fecfcee7da24f3a1c4d004a8bd9f66695"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-16T10:14:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:HVC27MLWSGAZENJXOJ636SVWNM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e25225b0840bb08390468cf842128d89a2f6a1e00d47aef91a2cac601a5f4f3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"55cbfc072f3115c556999d45f905a86478f9dcb0436ffab8b6c89f478cf89ac4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.02611","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.02611v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.02611","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HVC27MLWSGAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HVC27MLWSGAZENJX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HVC27MLW","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:65ec8209fddfc7e9f70205bbe2c9a62fecfcee7da24f3a1c4d004a8bd9f66695","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.02611/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using fully GPU $N$-body simulations, we demonstrate for the first time that subhalos sink and transfer energy via dynamical friction into the centres of dwarf galaxies. This dynamical heating kicks any central massive black hole (MBH) out to tens of parsecs, especially at early epochs ($z$=1.5-3). This mechanism helps explain the observed off-center BHs in dwarf galaxies and also predicts that off-center BHs are more common in higher mass dwarf galaxies since dynamical friction becomes significantly weaker and BHs take more time to sink back towards the centres of their host galaxies. One con","authors_text":"Joseph Silk, Pierre Boldrini, Roya Mohayaee","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","title":"Subhalo sinking and off-center massive black holes in dwarf galaxies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:70a95e0da0693a2dc83ad09ea110f4ac0966eab51a5314df9800ca3bca184f06","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e25225b0840bb08390468cf842128d89a2f6a1e00d47aef91a2cac601a5f4f3","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-03-05T13:44:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"55cbfc072f3115c556999d45f905a86478f9dcb0436ffab8b6c89f478cf89ac4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.02611","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3d45afb1769181923537727dbf4ab66b1dd4172a2b3b4745c5d1474e710e5acc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3d45afb1769181923537727dbf4ab66b1dd4172a2b3b4745c5d1474e710e5acc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295009Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295009Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"A7ideraAqn2HFlZ29vqtV067tcWp17kgvUZsC6asAZFJoqiZoG+5ZESnZzNr0gl+qDDq4nXaE25Z3ugQK4vLBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:57.295420Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.02611","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:70a95e0da0693a2dc83ad09ea110f4ac0966eab51a5314df9800ca3bca184f06","sha256:65ec8209fddfc7e9f70205bbe2c9a62fecfcee7da24f3a1c4d004a8bd9f66695"],"state_sha256":"2178b800bcec0399d939939f88e6d175a0a409762116454e52d71c8efc47e9b6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aSzOqxfhuHREjw5Pov5ND6u58ggfiFdnU1dOngwxgK5FIMAH6PqrlgakqpLVn2vlI50mC43563Gr2A/uHYaLBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-16T10:14:15.661841Z","bundle_sha256":"fd51c6bf812b40909aa91128927ff309f69c3c4394917bed9d12bd1f51619173"}}