{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI","short_pith_number":"pith:HVQXUWKT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e8394dfd9f633cd012c50a31a1449ef6af2f9165e185b4a4465361de18ad4225","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e2ee0851653c08a9a47e52f957311ad0bc3db0ca0985bee60c637ca97a6ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d617a5953d2ccbb206b49fd8e2d55823d90cedaa14a8c18925150194e81e204","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.01791","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01791","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01791v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01791","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT2LGL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e8394dfd9f633cd012c50a31a1449ef6af2f9165e185b4a4465361de18ad4225","abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e2ee0851653c08a9a47e52f957311ad0bc3db0ca0985bee60c637ca97a6ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3d617a5953d2ccbb206b49fd8e2d55823d90cedaa14a8c18925150194e81e204","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966651Z","signature_b64":"WxBHS3cfZJXM1HDzrFzmSy/l6b+tXmSgPwsrPfb2VMi4Znv5nUN/MxjWxafUG5cs686BZ/Ucn/6NjF6rQ5A0Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3d617a5953d2ccbb206b49fd8e2d55823d90cedaa14a8c18925150194e81e204","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966180Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966180Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2107.01791","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6IgjNXfklgFh96iZb4PXyV16C+T15cWg3s3zsBhinmQhsVfNMj8mcGmaoZfwCRQj3RQ5DdBfEeLswyHSH10mBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T17:24:36.217572Z"},"content_sha256":"f07f7b7765399aa1d667aa97ecb838433697210dc0a73f9494725cfac6c42848","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f07f7b7765399aa1d667aa97ecb838433697210dc0a73f9494725cfac6c42848"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Doing Good or Doing Right? Exploring the Weakness of Commonsense Causal Reasoning Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Mingyue Han, Yinglin Wang","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pretrained language models (PLM) achieve surprising performance on the Choice of Plausible Alternatives (COPA) task. However, whether PLMs have truly acquired the ability of causal reasoning remains a question. In this paper, we investigate the problem of semantic similarity bias and reveal the vulnerability of current COPA models by certain attacks. Previous solutions that tackle the superficial cues of unbalanced token distribution still encounter the same problem of semantic bias, even more seriously due to the utilization of more training data. We mitigate this problem by simply adding a r"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01791/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"P1JDuX1rJifpJ8fI+mg6S6bQ41N017xc14SGuRY4j/ytmhpRclWejs5JJPiw0fRCyH3cfmsWaSOrHUnRPbrBDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T17:24:36.218135Z"},"content_sha256":"60e918b9adbd44288d6bc73663c9ee36a36576d55c48f5766ff397d3f5d95dec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60e918b9adbd44288d6bc73663c9ee36a36576d55c48f5766ff397d3f5d95dec"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T17:24:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDLJH6Y4LKVQI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e2ee0851653c08a9a47e52f957311ad0bc3db0ca0985bee60c637ca97a6ac9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"e8394dfd9f633cd012c50a31a1449ef6af2f9165e185b4a4465361de18ad4225"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01791","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01791v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01791","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT2LGL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT2LGLWIDL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HVQXUWKT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:60e918b9adbd44288d6bc73663c9ee36a36576d55c48f5766ff397d3f5d95dec","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01791/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pretrained language models (PLM) achieve surprising performance on the Choice of Plausible Alternatives (COPA) task. However, whether PLMs have truly acquired the ability of causal reasoning remains a question. In this paper, we investigate the problem of semantic similarity bias and reveal the vulnerability of current COPA models by certain attacks. Previous solutions that tackle the superficial cues of unbalanced token distribution still encounter the same problem of semantic bias, even more seriously due to the utilization of more training data. We mitigate this problem by simply adding a r","authors_text":"Mingyue Han, Yinglin Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","title":"Doing Good or Doing Right? Exploring the Weakness of Commonsense Causal Reasoning Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f07f7b7765399aa1d667aa97ecb838433697210dc0a73f9494725cfac6c42848","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e9e2ee0851653c08a9a47e52f957311ad0bc3db0ca0985bee60c637ca97a6ac9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T05:08:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"e8394dfd9f633cd012c50a31a1449ef6af2f9165e185b4a4465361de18ad4225"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01791","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3d617a5953d2ccbb206b49fd8e2d55823d90cedaa14a8c18925150194e81e204","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3d617a5953d2ccbb206b49fd8e2d55823d90cedaa14a8c18925150194e81e204","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966180Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966180Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WxBHS3cfZJXM1HDzrFzmSy/l6b+tXmSgPwsrPfb2VMi4Znv5nUN/MxjWxafUG5cs686BZ/Ucn/6NjF6rQ5A0Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:26:39.966651Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2107.01791","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f07f7b7765399aa1d667aa97ecb838433697210dc0a73f9494725cfac6c42848","sha256:60e918b9adbd44288d6bc73663c9ee36a36576d55c48f5766ff397d3f5d95dec"],"state_sha256":"bbabaa3fe429a2df8a31e409d2a2d001a6589b2781e87792ba575f972a68c193"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dy00frenVjfvoMneqiVqElmLYRxu/QaI8Swa0MbBye0UcLGnOIiGHAPtqZsy4gbrdDrxB8sOE/rso0BuJCzwBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T17:24:36.268123Z","bundle_sha256":"a8742ef9adbfa0a01c6d1bdddc90154bfacf9063a5354f744608989d5c8c93ff"}}