{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:HVRNCYYNUXLF6XGWASTWWP5JHU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd0a358e6bfca1ca55f555ec524b338ec36faf09d0ccd772307318c9a722c1d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T02:55:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"592d4e7cc56d6155153b3f61b8aca0c4099cfef06d8aec3b99301a1a4fee8b6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.07699","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.07699","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.07699v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.07699","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HVRNCYYNUXLF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HVRNCYYNUXLF6XGW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HVRNCYYN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bb4ce9be1de4b69654a6531787d7b7e538ac795eaf4d923a020b2275167e5ba0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Web is a tangled mass of interconnected services, where websites import a range of external resources from various third-party domains. However, the latter can further load resources hosted on other domains. For each website, this creates a dependency chain underpinned by a form of implicit trust between the first-party and transitively connected third-parties. The chain can only be loosely controlled as first-party websites often have little, if any, visibility of where these resources are loaded from. This paper performs a large-scale study of dependency chains in the Web, to find that a","authors_text":"Gareth Tyson, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Muhammad Ikram, Noha Loizon, Rahat Masood, Roya Ensafi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T02:55:07Z","title":"The Chain of Implicit Trust: An Analysis of the Web Third-party Resources Loading"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.07699","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e58cd1155844bc20d848aef541f8be0150e2f566c4b5d1b8462f632519a3cfef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd0a358e6bfca1ca55f555ec524b338ec36faf09d0ccd772307318c9a722c1d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-01-23T02:55:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"592d4e7cc56d6155153b3f61b8aca0c4099cfef06d8aec3b99301a1a4fee8b6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.07699","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3d62d1630da5d65f5cd604a76b3fa93d28b28e559515e9bd1860a815cc369254","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3d62d1630da5d65f5cd604a76b3fa93d28b28e559515e9bd1860a815cc369254","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49.534609Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49.534609Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RLAKLns7dwv+t2Yzlb96PRRaVRKRQP2v6foVrMzticPDr2CDAErz6nls4tkBJ4Z4iEvo8tKj9G65nBLNTynWAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:49.535179Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.07699","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e58cd1155844bc20d848aef541f8be0150e2f566c4b5d1b8462f632519a3cfef","sha256:bb4ce9be1de4b69654a6531787d7b7e538ac795eaf4d923a020b2275167e5ba0"],"state_sha256":"78f07619482afbeacd01024956483660a6f9edc6a43ed1f175deecdc03db7b94"}