{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL","short_pith_number":"pith:HW7WNQTG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f81374178de872876684a429ffd5567e583ea5c54eac8291d98be05ec6a9ab85","abstract_canon_sha256":"cdaac1d5d721d94bb6c31de038cc9e8547afce782250d07c87446724faa7f486"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3dbf66c266057650719954f148ac2b2ac07567276ebd63a775b415e4b195f750","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1712.08940","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.08940","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.08940v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.08940","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HW7WNQTGAV3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HW7WNQTG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f81374178de872876684a429ffd5567e583ea5c54eac8291d98be05ec6a9ab85","abstract_canon_sha256":"cdaac1d5d721d94bb6c31de038cc9e8547afce782250d07c87446724faa7f486"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3dbf66c266057650719954f148ac2b2ac07567276ebd63a775b415e4b195f750","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.793215Z","signature_b64":"FezTdEUvquv7x47qZlzW3hc7Y2Ek1yblXEQP4w4IBz7XVh0V5ayaFimU8SfXL3rvBzgiiBb6+QDF+2V55Aq3Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3dbf66c266057650719954f148ac2b2ac07567276ebd63a775b415e4b195f750","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.792568Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.792568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1712.08940","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C3HaR7WUWNvd09jdbl97QszEm8ifl1xWD4iGsZT27E0vRJn/eIzN4p0PaS+caiQuMhVj4/UH8uFMckx7eYWaBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T21:31:24.048523Z"},"content_sha256":"e12320820b64ef3d6dd5f2e0464faa29678c0e1e74345ba1ae69aaf2c2288038","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e12320820b64ef3d6dd5f2e0464faa29678c0e1e74345ba1ae69aaf2c2288038"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Studying the Impact of Managers on Password Strength and Reuse","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Michael Backes, Michael Schilling, Sanam Ghorbani Lyastani, Sascha Fahl, Sven Bugiel","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite their well-known security problems, passwords are still the incumbent authentication method for virtually all online services. To remedy the situation, end-users are very often referred to password managers as a solution to the password reuse and password weakness problems. However, to date the actual impact of password managers on password security and reuse has not been studied systematically.\n  In this paper, we provide the first large-scale study of the password managers' influence on users' real-life passwords. From 476 participants of an online survey on users' password creation "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0tCABDXxEO8QzeF+yrt/hg5eKLgga10pOvwlhLPV2BG5sOWtiRMLp92Ak2RDbzC970Yp6C44/flP87G1WQlHAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T21:31:24.048866Z"},"content_sha256":"f3dbf5ca554427c72170cdf765c5f8b00c8da8af791096616ddae8b6c279145b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f3dbf5ca554427c72170cdf765c5f8b00c8da8af791096616ddae8b6c279145b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T21:31:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZKTYURLBLFL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cdaac1d5d721d94bb6c31de038cc9e8547afce782250d07c87446724faa7f486","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"f81374178de872876684a429ffd5567e583ea5c54eac8291d98be05ec6a9ab85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.08940","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.08940v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.08940","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HW7WNQTGAV3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HW7WNQTGAV3FA4MZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HW7WNQTG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f3dbf5ca554427c72170cdf765c5f8b00c8da8af791096616ddae8b6c279145b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite their well-known security problems, passwords are still the incumbent authentication method for virtually all online services. To remedy the situation, end-users are very often referred to password managers as a solution to the password reuse and password weakness problems. However, to date the actual impact of password managers on password security and reuse has not been studied systematically.\n  In this paper, we provide the first large-scale study of the password managers' influence on users' real-life passwords. From 476 participants of an online survey on users' password creation ","authors_text":"Michael Backes, Michael Schilling, Sanam Ghorbani Lyastani, Sascha Fahl, Sven Bugiel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","title":"Studying the Impact of Managers on Password Strength and Reuse"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e12320820b64ef3d6dd5f2e0464faa29678c0e1e74345ba1ae69aaf2c2288038","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cdaac1d5d721d94bb6c31de038cc9e8547afce782250d07c87446724faa7f486","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-12-24T15:52:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"f81374178de872876684a429ffd5567e583ea5c54eac8291d98be05ec6a9ab85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.08940","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3dbf66c266057650719954f148ac2b2ac07567276ebd63a775b415e4b195f750","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3dbf66c266057650719954f148ac2b2ac07567276ebd63a775b415e4b195f750","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.792568Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.792568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FezTdEUvquv7x47qZlzW3hc7Y2Ek1yblXEQP4w4IBz7XVh0V5ayaFimU8SfXL3rvBzgiiBb6+QDF+2V55Aq3Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:14.793215Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1712.08940","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e12320820b64ef3d6dd5f2e0464faa29678c0e1e74345ba1ae69aaf2c2288038","sha256:f3dbf5ca554427c72170cdf765c5f8b00c8da8af791096616ddae8b6c279145b"],"state_sha256":"bb1a9af11cd02ed6696dde05891c3ea3419121bada420e5f3ad58c408ee3321e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RlW3oay3CtSBVoE6WZY+ma+h08d5CJo8DMzeUEurdTV3c7AgnGIu3sSuE5GOeCRQmdd+a1nPbG6ZHWBUE0kiBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T21:31:24.050780Z","bundle_sha256":"98533efb7185146a3f44ece01326dd90f8db13705022807558ea8ca0c2e5290f"}}