{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2","short_pith_number":"pith:HWTGNSDG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"1052bb8fba08de29888cbc328e105aefd03e874cea0bde6d68c3b7bce2fe7e36","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a9c56ffd2f325409da0aefd904b35eb047cb4ec54df6a93e2314c314453fe0d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3da666c866a9cd40a31e045dfe9b4826a224f4ec845324a0630f180aea7dab2e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.14176","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.14176","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.14176v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.14176","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HWTGNSDGVHGU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HWTGNSDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"1052bb8fba08de29888cbc328e105aefd03e874cea0bde6d68c3b7bce2fe7e36","abstract_canon_sha256":"4a9c56ffd2f325409da0aefd904b35eb047cb4ec54df6a93e2314c314453fe0d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3da666c866a9cd40a31e045dfe9b4826a224f4ec845324a0630f180aea7dab2e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170904Z","signature_b64":"p+3YY1CrfmBI32MXqiEDccyP9EnsT3BqblhOyEhnj+/M39hHo7nNST3H66J+YmCehfHON4jJ7cJe/L1ETRHBDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3da666c866a9cd40a31e045dfe9b4826a224f4ec845324a0630f180aea7dab2e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.14176","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YrRSw65jxo362djcv6BZUWGStc8J3adOsXGMg+9De34sLcBb6FYcsA5zvbC4mTLEN4GSCkuX/AzRQ31Zks+BAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:42:47.544794Z"},"content_sha256":"fbf9dc42e2f640ecf87ff2c94f4a12963023f61c6400b1b9c98b67c119496660","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fbf9dc42e2f640ecf87ff2c94f4a12963023f61c6400b1b9c98b67c119496660"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Predictive Representativity: Uncovering Racial Bias in AI-based Skin Cancer Detection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"(2) Universidad El Bosque, (3) Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, (4) Tampere University), Andr\\'es Morales-Forero (1), Eric Coatanea (4) ((1) Polytechnique Montr\\'eal, Lili J. Rueda (2), Ronald Herrera (3), Samuel Bassetto (1)","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly inform medical decision-making, yet concerns about algorithmic bias and inequitable outcomes persist, particularly for historically marginalized populations. This paper introduces the concept of Predictive Representativity (PR), a framework of fairness auditing that shifts the focus from the composition of the data set to outcomes-level equity. Through a case study in dermatology, we evaluated AI-based skin cancer classifiers trained on the widely used HAM10000 dataset and on an independent clinical dataset (BOSQUE Test set) from Colombia. Our "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.14176/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dlVZRwissQUNgws3PG+eEkYMOKTi9j1F16GKfuU6hr8GthTvOgYjI2K/qqLeftRuUv7cWwq4uSFlh5e0QFOQCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:42:47.545516Z"},"content_sha256":"2298d6b18fcaa074b5697c76d2d97000e4ff93a2eca9e1641a7756677e29e8bd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2298d6b18fcaa074b5697c76d2d97000e4ff93a2eca9e1641a7756677e29e8bd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T00:42:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6ARO75G2IE2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a9c56ffd2f325409da0aefd904b35eb047cb4ec54df6a93e2314c314453fe0d","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"1052bb8fba08de29888cbc328e105aefd03e874cea0bde6d68c3b7bce2fe7e36"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.14176","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.14176v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.14176","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HWTGNSDGVHGU","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HWTGNSDGVHGUBIY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HWTGNSDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2298d6b18fcaa074b5697c76d2d97000e4ff93a2eca9e1641a7756677e29e8bd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.14176/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly inform medical decision-making, yet concerns about algorithmic bias and inequitable outcomes persist, particularly for historically marginalized populations. This paper introduces the concept of Predictive Representativity (PR), a framework of fairness auditing that shifts the focus from the composition of the data set to outcomes-level equity. Through a case study in dermatology, we evaluated AI-based skin cancer classifiers trained on the widely used HAM10000 dataset and on an independent clinical dataset (BOSQUE Test set) from Colombia. Our ","authors_text":"(2) Universidad El Bosque, (3) Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, (4) Tampere University), Andr\\'es Morales-Forero (1), Eric Coatanea (4) ((1) Polytechnique Montr\\'eal, Lili J. Rueda (2), Ronald Herrera (3), Samuel Bassetto (1)","cross_cats":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","title":"Predictive Representativity: Uncovering Racial Bias in AI-based Skin Cancer Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fbf9dc42e2f640ecf87ff2c94f4a12963023f61c6400b1b9c98b67c119496660","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4a9c56ffd2f325409da0aefd904b35eb047cb4ec54df6a93e2314c314453fe0d","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.CO","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T22:21:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"1052bb8fba08de29888cbc328e105aefd03e874cea0bde6d68c3b7bce2fe7e36"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.14176","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"3da666c866a9cd40a31e045dfe9b4826a224f4ec845324a0630f180aea7dab2e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3da666c866a9cd40a31e045dfe9b4826a224f4ec845324a0630f180aea7dab2e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"p+3YY1CrfmBI32MXqiEDccyP9EnsT3BqblhOyEhnj+/M39hHo7nNST3H66J+YmCehfHON4jJ7cJe/L1ETRHBDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:30.170904Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.14176","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fbf9dc42e2f640ecf87ff2c94f4a12963023f61c6400b1b9c98b67c119496660","sha256:2298d6b18fcaa074b5697c76d2d97000e4ff93a2eca9e1641a7756677e29e8bd"],"state_sha256":"568577ec16f0130a9fe5b88767a3f0382aa123cb1549053ccdc96eb811eff999"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VN2XPLEXq1gXLTFSuHD1tcf9tyjl2EzGgW3dy3raDGfpM604rlJRYJhooV+ZeDLWvY7Vb8ilDwW3zTwXJvkwCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:42:47.560997Z","bundle_sha256":"d6dc9e0a32ebf4e364471b7196657b5051a14e87954f32237d8b69a045714b4a"}}