{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD","short_pith_number":"pith:HXUF7M7O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"cdbfb8089c398952b7303819ddd418abadbf16872263c8eef318d9b2754526d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"e8dc192292e3d15e8f99640b7826efab9e4f44fefa61533d57176465f0c87efe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3de85fb3ee6c92627b461d4385586008e9d01ce86c6615714c26c18d2b460d1d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.2333","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.2333v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HXUF7M7ONSJG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HXUF7M7ONSJGE62G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HXUF7M7O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"title_canon_sha256":"cdbfb8089c398952b7303819ddd418abadbf16872263c8eef318d9b2754526d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"e8dc192292e3d15e8f99640b7826efab9e4f44fefa61533d57176465f0c87efe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3de85fb3ee6c92627b461d4385586008e9d01ce86c6615714c26c18d2b460d1d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.107234Z","signature_b64":"1K6Vz3RlokcQ9JSAB6KAmdV93hABQNRMO4Axc4Fq1O0HJl2745gQnnKiaGQH5b6XoOdrX5PJCksE1EV8Iar0Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3de85fb3ee6c92627b461d4385586008e9d01ce86c6615714c26c18d2b460d1d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.106472Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.106472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.2333","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fGVIK/croaD6oJ/qGNlWJUHtgh0CfecfOwafBklhR5OMJhsdJec1jmN24obdJrMhA6bRPXzmjkqo/99MJ+FXCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:37:42.659830Z"},"content_sha256":"9a7bd295faa06df62705c7e71b8a96bec5dd26b4bbe29841ff0592c80fc751aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a7bd295faa06df62705c7e71b8a96bec5dd26b4bbe29841ff0592c80fc751aa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A primer on information theory, with applications to neuroscience","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Felix Effenberger","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Given the constant rise in quantity and quality of data obtained from neural systems on many scales ranging from molecular to systems', information-theoretic analyses became increasingly necessary during the past few decades in the neurosciences. Such analyses can provide deep insights into the functionality of such systems, as well as a rigid mathematical theory and quantitative measures of information processing in both healthy and diseased states of neural systems. This chapter will present a short introduction to the fundamentals of information theory, especially suited for people having a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1aG7IIe6FFeq+KlLjUwK620yPAV3wLRA5DKUEt1OxMq6EuH7Qv2eI2vvSwNTlYRZmKKrik69Li2N60qcdDx1Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:37:42.660503Z"},"content_sha256":"bc9827fea7284d1c048fa85acb335242313e26dbdd7d3fa479567f62bbaa9232","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bc9827fea7284d1c048fa85acb335242313e26dbdd7d3fa479567f62bbaa9232"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T21:37:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:HXUF7M7ONSJGE62GDVBYKWDABD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8dc192292e3d15e8f99640b7826efab9e4f44fefa61533d57176465f0c87efe","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"cdbfb8089c398952b7303819ddd418abadbf16872263c8eef318d9b2754526d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.2333v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.2333","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"HXUF7M7ONSJG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"HXUF7M7ONSJGE62G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"HXUF7M7O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bc9827fea7284d1c048fa85acb335242313e26dbdd7d3fa479567f62bbaa9232","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Given the constant rise in quantity and quality of data obtained from neural systems on many scales ranging from molecular to systems', information-theoretic analyses became increasingly necessary during the past few decades in the neurosciences. Such analyses can provide deep insights into the functionality of such systems, as well as a rigid mathematical theory and quantitative measures of information processing in both healthy and diseased states of neural systems. This chapter will present a short introduction to the fundamentals of information theory, especially suited for people having a","authors_text":"Felix Effenberger","cross_cats":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","title":"A primer on information theory, with applications to neuroscience"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a7bd295faa06df62705c7e71b8a96bec5dd26b4bbe29841ff0592c80fc751aa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8dc192292e3d15e8f99640b7826efab9e4f44fefa61533d57176465f0c87efe","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","q-bio.NC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-04-08T19:51:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"cdbfb8089c398952b7303819ddd418abadbf16872263c8eef318d9b2754526d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.2333","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3de85fb3ee6c92627b461d4385586008e9d01ce86c6615714c26c18d2b460d1d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3de85fb3ee6c92627b461d4385586008e9d01ce86c6615714c26c18d2b460d1d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.106472Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.106472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1K6Vz3RlokcQ9JSAB6KAmdV93hABQNRMO4Axc4Fq1O0HJl2745gQnnKiaGQH5b6XoOdrX5PJCksE1EV8Iar0Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:11:13.107234Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.2333","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a7bd295faa06df62705c7e71b8a96bec5dd26b4bbe29841ff0592c80fc751aa","sha256:bc9827fea7284d1c048fa85acb335242313e26dbdd7d3fa479567f62bbaa9232"],"state_sha256":"31657e08ce3862031422c430ee144b237dee849755fa7aaa653daa4f662561cf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"STgnKyuVAbEGNnEwuFDv5k7+aQc1/mftYifVHjsH7wE+z29FF2Nrzr/OrZHpJC4SrcajLXE7kWkeULGR7Z2/Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T21:37:42.664307Z","bundle_sha256":"68afcbbe2588e0d4a8a524e0c8ce9cdab6917a200fd84d70b1698eddc0e5a97e"}}