{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4","short_pith_number":"pith:I2D5L3IJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"efc64d17704503b8bae8ccb0eacbd3aae228e366f3596485ca7e6d124e2a8ea7","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e2e98592e2a07f67c248944b60913814aefc88f555961bd85614da065d82319"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4687d5ed09333742de911e72462320c704b5bf276f7a52e28ae0517075de288c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.06587","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.06587","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.06587v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.06587","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJGM3U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJGM3UFXUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"efc64d17704503b8bae8ccb0eacbd3aae228e366f3596485ca7e6d124e2a8ea7","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e2e98592e2a07f67c248944b60913814aefc88f555961bd85614da065d82319"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4687d5ed09333742de911e72462320c704b5bf276f7a52e28ae0517075de288c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474711Z","signature_b64":"xdyXDysrMvjI4hDTR4oOUMLTpm4mL7hEq8DSCZV+B2RlbxjIV21Wt/U9QsuXa7r9xH1R9MAT56JUc3wqTfVvAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4687d5ed09333742de911e72462320c704b5bf276f7a52e28ae0517075de288c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474077Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.06587","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rOYVaXRefkv1ma4qGjMmJb3SB75r8GKxL06S3O3t7dbrcZjDrV3f31LCWfzyIE4Wqr7hJyCfCfcGqlPnJd21Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T02:20:45.111353Z"},"content_sha256":"6741d9155c5d2a797af32055c5b5783dd4cb2b8c4e7596ffa279399cb5121d57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6741d9155c5d2a797af32055c5b5783dd4cb2b8c4e7596ffa279399cb5121d57"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Performance differences for in-class and online administration of low-stakes research-based assessments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Ben Van Dusen, Eleanor W. Close, Jayson M. Nissen, Manher Jariwala, Xochith Herrera","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Research-based assessments (RBAs), such as the Force Concept Inventory, have played central roles in many course transformations from traditional lecture-based instruction to research-based teaching methods. In order to support instructors in assessing their courses, the online Learning About STEM Student Outcomes (LASSO) platform simplifies administering, scoring, and interpreting RBAs. Reducing the barriers to using RBAs will support more instructors in objectively assessing the efficacy of their courses and, subsequently, transforming their courses to improve student outcomes. The purpose o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x1lAdC44fStnH8rd9iRSDxtm0Dd0Wimx+hupvJ+p+YZCeeZgwF3jkXDVRppH0t3e9y91ngheiuvXAj4TEomrCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T02:20:45.111984Z"},"content_sha256":"eab77844fc4a4cf357cdc1965f2ae0063ce47723b8c8826e7c9a0d1f6497415e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eab77844fc4a4cf357cdc1965f2ae0063ce47723b8c8826e7c9a0d1f6497415e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T02:20:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:I2D5L3IJGM3UFXURDZZEMIZAY4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e2e98592e2a07f67c248944b60913814aefc88f555961bd85614da065d82319","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"efc64d17704503b8bae8ccb0eacbd3aae228e366f3596485ca7e6d124e2a8ea7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.06587","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.06587v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.06587","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJGM3U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJGM3UFXUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I2D5L3IJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eab77844fc4a4cf357cdc1965f2ae0063ce47723b8c8826e7c9a0d1f6497415e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Research-based assessments (RBAs), such as the Force Concept Inventory, have played central roles in many course transformations from traditional lecture-based instruction to research-based teaching methods. In order to support instructors in assessing their courses, the online Learning About STEM Student Outcomes (LASSO) platform simplifies administering, scoring, and interpreting RBAs. Reducing the barriers to using RBAs will support more instructors in objectively assessing the efficacy of their courses and, subsequently, transforming their courses to improve student outcomes. The purpose o","authors_text":"Ben Van Dusen, Eleanor W. Close, Jayson M. Nissen, Manher Jariwala, Xochith Herrera","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","title":"Performance differences for in-class and online administration of low-stakes research-based assessments"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6741d9155c5d2a797af32055c5b5783dd4cb2b8c4e7596ffa279399cb5121d57","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e2e98592e2a07f67c248944b60913814aefc88f555961bd85614da065d82319","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-17T15:23:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"efc64d17704503b8bae8ccb0eacbd3aae228e366f3596485ca7e6d124e2a8ea7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.06587","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4687d5ed09333742de911e72462320c704b5bf276f7a52e28ae0517075de288c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4687d5ed09333742de911e72462320c704b5bf276f7a52e28ae0517075de288c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474077Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474077Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xdyXDysrMvjI4hDTR4oOUMLTpm4mL7hEq8DSCZV+B2RlbxjIV21Wt/U9QsuXa7r9xH1R9MAT56JUc3wqTfVvAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:30:18.474711Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.06587","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6741d9155c5d2a797af32055c5b5783dd4cb2b8c4e7596ffa279399cb5121d57","sha256:eab77844fc4a4cf357cdc1965f2ae0063ce47723b8c8826e7c9a0d1f6497415e"],"state_sha256":"0851bb6a49eb2630bb3e4e50d975b262f52af2862a363f2f59f8b9933a424f2c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mo+9Jzl3HEv5Lx8YK4kLplweKskhdrQnQ9SMW0U3cXuHsyVj1Fu5mApqAixipuK/d26E0NkP8nSot18oFryjDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T02:20:45.115063Z","bundle_sha256":"8642b7f57f79ff4799e9b9559d624155762a2d1367fcc75564ac54112da0b543"}}