{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36","short_pith_number":"pith:I2ZPE3HP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5dc055aed05f8c72115c6d970e47dff85d950eaeae4ee1ad8df9f7828b840fde","abstract_canon_sha256":"0684be0e32927604a4f8fb4a9a0e83bf3d360d505cf343411099de73c4e51f61"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"46b2f26cefe51891d9cc94afe97102df8adbf24e58e5eb848204e9afda29562d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.04686","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04686","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04686v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04686","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP4UMJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5dc055aed05f8c72115c6d970e47dff85d950eaeae4ee1ad8df9f7828b840fde","abstract_canon_sha256":"0684be0e32927604a4f8fb4a9a0e83bf3d360d505cf343411099de73c4e51f61"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"46b2f26cefe51891d9cc94afe97102df8adbf24e58e5eb848204e9afda29562d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704713Z","signature_b64":"SkTm9vzG3AoPvVBlQlgQYAGP0zrsCIItlPc2VMhX9mCaJLNd+LMlP+vN6I9vEjm4mgULoN4QzTiAu6I97pwRCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"46b2f26cefe51891d9cc94afe97102df8adbf24e58e5eb848204e9afda29562d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704147Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704147Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.04686","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MpFwzATNNSNY1mQuBNzzwPttNDUiVx7tS4ySx+Lt6ZPpr7FQimZe1IKWbqCPzpnYHVMy/OwjMr7Wn8172Oa1Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:05:23.657609Z"},"content_sha256":"cd9936516dd3033d9e9f134c94c065589c7c01c2fa2f999d52611d72e3ca4dd3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cd9936516dd3033d9e9f134c94c065589c7c01c2fa2f999d52611d72e3ca4dd3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Local, Private, Efficient Protocols for Succinct Histograms","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Adam Smith, Raef Bassily","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"We give efficient protocols and matching accuracy lower bounds for frequency estimation in the local model for differential privacy. In this model, individual users randomize their data themselves, sending differentially private reports to an untrusted server that aggregates them.\n  We study protocols that produce a succinct histogram representation of the data. A succinct histogram is a list of the most frequent items in the data (often called \"heavy hitters\") along with estimates of their frequencies; the frequency of all other items is implicitly estimated as 0.\n  If there are $n$ users who"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hgkssu/zBeBTi5BA8Bvm/IQ4dTb+Dck+fV87bTEsddkt9Wzl0vOzcDuV6QVSsiz5nPN5DzmBDDZSNAY5dgnyDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:05:23.658197Z"},"content_sha256":"6f1787e548c452003a029e94904ca2426aae3e6b3760fa39842c9f92fcbbffad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6f1787e548c452003a029e94904ca2426aae3e6b3760fa39842c9f92fcbbffad"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T15:05:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOMSSX6S4IC36","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0684be0e32927604a4f8fb4a9a0e83bf3d360d505cf343411099de73c4e51f61","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dc055aed05f8c72115c6d970e47dff85d950eaeae4ee1ad8df9f7828b840fde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04686","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04686v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04686","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP4UMJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP4UMJDWOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I2ZPE3HP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6f1787e548c452003a029e94904ca2426aae3e6b3760fa39842c9f92fcbbffad","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We give efficient protocols and matching accuracy lower bounds for frequency estimation in the local model for differential privacy. In this model, individual users randomize their data themselves, sending differentially private reports to an untrusted server that aggregates them.\n  We study protocols that produce a succinct histogram representation of the data. A succinct histogram is a list of the most frequent items in the data (often called \"heavy hitters\") along with estimates of their frequencies; the frequency of all other items is implicitly estimated as 0.\n  If there are $n$ users who","authors_text":"Adam Smith, Raef Bassily","cross_cats":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","title":"Local, Private, Efficient Protocols for Succinct Histograms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cd9936516dd3033d9e9f134c94c065589c7c01c2fa2f999d52611d72e3ca4dd3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0684be0e32927604a4f8fb4a9a0e83bf3d360d505cf343411099de73c4e51f61","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DS","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2015-04-18T06:23:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"5dc055aed05f8c72115c6d970e47dff85d950eaeae4ee1ad8df9f7828b840fde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04686","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"46b2f26cefe51891d9cc94afe97102df8adbf24e58e5eb848204e9afda29562d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"46b2f26cefe51891d9cc94afe97102df8adbf24e58e5eb848204e9afda29562d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704147Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704147Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SkTm9vzG3AoPvVBlQlgQYAGP0zrsCIItlPc2VMhX9mCaJLNd+LMlP+vN6I9vEjm4mgULoN4QzTiAu6I97pwRCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:30.704713Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.04686","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cd9936516dd3033d9e9f134c94c065589c7c01c2fa2f999d52611d72e3ca4dd3","sha256:6f1787e548c452003a029e94904ca2426aae3e6b3760fa39842c9f92fcbbffad"],"state_sha256":"0e7d19c6ee8f10e5fc29f6a6f579cdf7d6ee52c910b1a22b9e28a3a7e4f4d242"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O1Glre27osD8oQ5ufOGvu2xJqJ29RxakdHj7SHMwKtWYihPC+LPhiJxzIuYxya3DNoj7S3TjMjMCrEpHpG9qBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:05:23.661285Z","bundle_sha256":"3ecbc09b948fbed7566bda72b29e519ae27db043c8e1b47726721dbcac988f6c"}}