{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:1999:I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3","short_pith_number":"pith:I3UK3TXU","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"46e8adcef40e9e8b61dd9f8826814b3ece5d45c0d9e47b9aa63000bac3ae214b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/9909073","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Quantum states and generalized observables: a simple proof of Gleason's theorem","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"P. Busch (Hull, UK)","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T13:57:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"A quantum state can be understood in a loose sense as a map that assigns a value to every observable. Formalizing this characterization of states in terms of generalized probability distributions on the set of effects, we obtain a simple proof of the result, analogous to Gleason's theorem, that any quantum state is given by a density operator. As a corollary we obtain a von Neumann-type argument against non-contextual hidden variables. It follows that on an individual interpretation of quantum mechanics, the values of effects are appropriately understood as propensities."},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9909073","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T13:57:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e03ed2f8c1ec5f591cc1c31fa28801acc60662ced29b0f1ec5699141ad71f88d","abstract_canon_sha256":"98e436d60cc15be4798dcce9f67b7c5fd61e683bccb05263b743088fa8adf82a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711793Z","signature_b64":"eLC3BLTwwXFSejxBEgDrkQD1PWompCj6sYhZ/ZvX1Y+CCT4USrqAXIERu2uWGo4SVx5sCS+pPfZoPLM+b4Y0Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"46e8adcef40e9e8b61dd9f8826814b3ece5d45c0d9e47b9aa63000bac3ae214b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711284Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711284Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum states and generalized observables: a simple proof of Gleason's theorem","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"P. Busch (Hull, UK)","submitted_at":"1999-09-23T13:57:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"A quantum state can be understood in a loose sense as a map that assigns a value to every observable. Formalizing this characterization of states in terms of generalized probability distributions on the set of effects, we obtain a simple proof of the result, analogous to Gleason's theorem, that any quantum state is given by a density operator. As a corollary we obtain a von Neumann-type argument against non-contextual hidden variables. It follows that on an individual interpretation of quantum mechanics, the values of effects are appropriately understood as propensities."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/9909073","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/9909073","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711374+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/9909073v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711374+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9909073","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711374+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I3UK3TXUB2PI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49.631198+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49.631198+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I3UK3TXU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49.631198+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3","json":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I3UK3TXU"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I3UK3TXU","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=quant-ph/9909073&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/I3UK3TXUB2PIWYO5T6ECNAKLH3/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711374+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T04:32:09.711374+00:00"}