{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR","short_pith_number":"pith:I44MFDM5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2167b8d66f0961c627e6da2c56798c34e78b1eb0ae872c645815ef9ddf57c325","abstract_canon_sha256":"f71f2fdf9afeb1f0e36bed4ef1f8d8d60cd7e9fe2db329b91c3cb4c49f1e2acd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4738c28d9d14ada13a199878f0a47a946fd38aae11f143382d3e9db9bacc3f2a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.7019","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.7019","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.7019v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.7019","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I44MFDM5CSW2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I44MFDM5CSW2COQZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I44MFDM5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"2167b8d66f0961c627e6da2c56798c34e78b1eb0ae872c645815ef9ddf57c325","abstract_canon_sha256":"f71f2fdf9afeb1f0e36bed4ef1f8d8d60cd7e9fe2db329b91c3cb4c49f1e2acd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4738c28d9d14ada13a199878f0a47a946fd38aae11f143382d3e9db9bacc3f2a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299825Z","signature_b64":"Dtz0xerleRrnphNSwofoPQeF2KfS8MlMGgrdv3Zk+K8lFY0YLyjVJadjotze2AH+wWzxmBaGNhbhFmkRToxzCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4738c28d9d14ada13a199878f0a47a946fd38aae11f143382d3e9db9bacc3f2a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299254Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299254Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.7019","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NwtVrodFR07dR0BR+VjKwEtaSGfLFtVtUz2ay1N6vO0dOBLQ8VjuwN3rl6vDhPaeeOJ4Ki3Ap6VDnT06y35XBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:16:56.620607Z"},"content_sha256":"30bfb426ba2ae502ee079eff854fcb5151b1bffc54b5a056fa7a48ebca9cfdf7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30bfb426ba2ae502ee079eff854fcb5151b1bffc54b5a056fa7a48ebca9cfdf7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"primary_cat":"cs.SY","authors_text":"Claudio De Persis, Mathias B\\\"urger, Sebastian Trip","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies the problem of frequency regulation in power grids under unknown and possible time-varying load changes, while minimizing the generation costs. We formulate this problem as an output agreement problem for distribution networks and address it using incremental passivity and distributed internal-model-based controllers. Incremental passivity enables a systematic approach to study convergence to the steady state with zero frequency deviation and to design the controller in the presence of time-varying voltages, whereas the internal-model principle is applied to tackle the uncer"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uxXLKV/viycHsoi5H7k52uXOkCTWOBSqsgansOYfnRubZLpB7BEl22ujwnQ/v2/blvIrElclDmYQY2gg7i9uBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:16:56.621259Z"},"content_sha256":"c07ee6e8d10f2f9fce4f7003e92868427ef55a32cdcee84dd61485fa3dc96bd2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c07ee6e8d10f2f9fce4f7003e92868427ef55a32cdcee84dd61485fa3dc96bd2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T22:16:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I44MFDM5CSW2COQZTB4PBJD2SR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f71f2fdf9afeb1f0e36bed4ef1f8d8d60cd7e9fe2db329b91c3cb4c49f1e2acd","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"2167b8d66f0961c627e6da2c56798c34e78b1eb0ae872c645815ef9ddf57c325"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.7019","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.7019v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.7019","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I44MFDM5CSW2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I44MFDM5CSW2COQZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I44MFDM5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c07ee6e8d10f2f9fce4f7003e92868427ef55a32cdcee84dd61485fa3dc96bd2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies the problem of frequency regulation in power grids under unknown and possible time-varying load changes, while minimizing the generation costs. We formulate this problem as an output agreement problem for distribution networks and address it using incremental passivity and distributed internal-model-based controllers. Incremental passivity enables a systematic approach to study convergence to the steady state with zero frequency deviation and to design the controller in the presence of time-varying voltages, whereas the internal-model principle is applied to tackle the uncer","authors_text":"Claudio De Persis, Mathias B\\\"urger, Sebastian Trip","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","title":"An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30bfb426ba2ae502ee079eff854fcb5151b1bffc54b5a056fa7a48ebca9cfdf7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f71f2fdf9afeb1f0e36bed4ef1f8d8d60cd7e9fe2db329b91c3cb4c49f1e2acd","cross_cats_sorted":["math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SY","submitted_at":"2014-03-27T13:28:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"2167b8d66f0961c627e6da2c56798c34e78b1eb0ae872c645815ef9ddf57c325"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.7019","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"4738c28d9d14ada13a199878f0a47a946fd38aae11f143382d3e9db9bacc3f2a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4738c28d9d14ada13a199878f0a47a946fd38aae11f143382d3e9db9bacc3f2a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299254Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299254Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Dtz0xerleRrnphNSwofoPQeF2KfS8MlMGgrdv3Zk+K8lFY0YLyjVJadjotze2AH+wWzxmBaGNhbhFmkRToxzCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:31:30.299825Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.7019","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30bfb426ba2ae502ee079eff854fcb5151b1bffc54b5a056fa7a48ebca9cfdf7","sha256:c07ee6e8d10f2f9fce4f7003e92868427ef55a32cdcee84dd61485fa3dc96bd2"],"state_sha256":"bd04b9fa8e8b413a29c8437500e27f1ccecebabe0429b720853af9d5005b2ff5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zD0Cat2yMWF0Ak72K7mgI7BoAt63gGl/HvdmGZWFYoK9ntrXld9Uk48rigt7FB/c7F4nqbrnENYjOIfe4GOjAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T22:16:56.624668Z","bundle_sha256":"e5de532f5769b790c4864121a37386cc0763d55e61c7d80fd233371d1721d901"}}