{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH","short_pith_number":"pith:I4J63472","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"208997039126acdc8e02c68cc05f211249bb1370f700f32c4d1709a702ee2988","abstract_canon_sha256":"5bc404af9f300436e080e0f49cd1bd03a5200217160b0e3f6a761e672e3221d3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4713edf3fa839a447da112b0b1ff75b1d15b2f27dfd5c89f3d957c38c91a9ca2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"physics/0508046","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0508046","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0508046v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0508046","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I4J63472QONE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I4J63472QONEI7NB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I4J63472","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"208997039126acdc8e02c68cc05f211249bb1370f700f32c4d1709a702ee2988","abstract_canon_sha256":"5bc404af9f300436e080e0f49cd1bd03a5200217160b0e3f6a761e672e3221d3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4713edf3fa839a447da112b0b1ff75b1d15b2f27dfd5c89f3d957c38c91a9ca2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.402484Z","signature_b64":"LvTLcy9CsD9YfZdOM4tHNK6e/xr0SWtZDxZiqzRzgv4Svq0eZXk3zYQemzoq9szcIrBr15if6lbsh5ahkE6sCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4713edf3fa839a447da112b0b1ff75b1d15b2f27dfd5c89f3d957c38c91a9ca2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.401758Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.401758Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"physics/0508046","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TMQ4W2LFCEd/EqRyChe5dFAaFz0PFYaV6COCH1Dxn6z8Z1F150TEjRKWxGkhN/TudqUn5DJR4umPrGhBiBKnBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T13:46:16.825228Z"},"content_sha256":"6586e9943834c56daa77c9f7f1fc6d3dfff42fee6339604fe43fb1c825956942","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6586e9943834c56daa77c9f7f1fc6d3dfff42fee6339604fe43fb1c825956942"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exact Solution for the Second Harmonic Generation in XFELs","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"Evgeni Saldin, Evgeni Schneidmiller, Gianluca Geloni, Mikhail Yurkov","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The generation of harmonic radiation through a non-linear mechanism driven by bunching at fundamental frequency is an important option in the operation of high gain Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). The use of harmonic generation at a large scale facility may result in achieving shorter radiation wavelengths for the same electron beam energy. This paper describes a theory of second harmonic generation in planar undulators with particular attention to X-Ray FELs (XFELs). Our study is based on an exact analytical solution of Maxwell equations, derived with the help of the Green's function method. On "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Le3Awo9g7KdLF3UWISgdArSjLcJA8fFD9JD1AZHX0deWjXI6CaS/9JDV/FuiX9iusQpMXYvR7Y9JLJGBWuNSAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T13:46:16.825714Z"},"content_sha256":"2eeb2d945d57fde1c3c540c85c3982c3534ba2525cb6fc55977ae8f094e9924f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2eeb2d945d57fde1c3c540c85c3982c3534ba2525cb6fc55977ae8f094e9924f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T13:46:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:I4J63472QONEI7NBCKYLD73VWH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5bc404af9f300436e080e0f49cd1bd03a5200217160b0e3f6a761e672e3221d3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"208997039126acdc8e02c68cc05f211249bb1370f700f32c4d1709a702ee2988"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"physics/0508046","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"physics/0508046v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.physics/0508046","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I4J63472QONE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I4J63472QONEI7NB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I4J63472","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2eeb2d945d57fde1c3c540c85c3982c3534ba2525cb6fc55977ae8f094e9924f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The generation of harmonic radiation through a non-linear mechanism driven by bunching at fundamental frequency is an important option in the operation of high gain Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). The use of harmonic generation at a large scale facility may result in achieving shorter radiation wavelengths for the same electron beam energy. This paper describes a theory of second harmonic generation in planar undulators with particular attention to X-Ray FELs (XFELs). Our study is based on an exact analytical solution of Maxwell equations, derived with the help of the Green's function method. On ","authors_text":"Evgeni Saldin, Evgeni Schneidmiller, Gianluca Geloni, Mikhail Yurkov","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","title":"Exact Solution for the Second Harmonic Generation in XFELs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6586e9943834c56daa77c9f7f1fc6d3dfff42fee6339604fe43fb1c825956942","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5bc404af9f300436e080e0f49cd1bd03a5200217160b0e3f6a761e672e3221d3","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2005-08-08T08:12:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"208997039126acdc8e02c68cc05f211249bb1370f700f32c4d1709a702ee2988"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"physics/0508046","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4713edf3fa839a447da112b0b1ff75b1d15b2f27dfd5c89f3d957c38c91a9ca2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4713edf3fa839a447da112b0b1ff75b1d15b2f27dfd5c89f3d957c38c91a9ca2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.401758Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.401758Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LvTLcy9CsD9YfZdOM4tHNK6e/xr0SWtZDxZiqzRzgv4Svq0eZXk3zYQemzoq9szcIrBr15if6lbsh5ahkE6sCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:08.402484Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"physics/0508046","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6586e9943834c56daa77c9f7f1fc6d3dfff42fee6339604fe43fb1c825956942","sha256:2eeb2d945d57fde1c3c540c85c3982c3534ba2525cb6fc55977ae8f094e9924f"],"state_sha256":"ef9f2ef3e9c69165d8e570f279ea685cfff2de52d074babf9df2691e935f9c0b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4YmRym5vQk0s96aENDAmVuIGOVLWy5Za0LNgIQSWQSWp0/AAYlQa1x9Tzz7h3BFN7iwx93BrIv2ZrVW6FS3fAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T13:46:16.828446Z","bundle_sha256":"fa3f751ebeafa3ee9e85d5ce565ca087d7bfe201a34c2977e4d7c8e6eda89713"}}