{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM","short_pith_number":"pith:I53W3U7Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b47b7c20cde36aa7dc62061a18ebe2cf3ab6f4f75e87c9079c99aa08ed344b09","abstract_canon_sha256":"8eadeeda35c4ac6ea95b53730071e1bab550b327a0fb0a1b64ef510c2bd36940"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47776dd3f97b32487e9c474324a0ffbb2aa82974739941676ca633c4a9f087ab","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.05463","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.05463","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.05463v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.05463","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I53W3U7ZPMZE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I53W3U7Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b47b7c20cde36aa7dc62061a18ebe2cf3ab6f4f75e87c9079c99aa08ed344b09","abstract_canon_sha256":"8eadeeda35c4ac6ea95b53730071e1bab550b327a0fb0a1b64ef510c2bd36940"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47776dd3f97b32487e9c474324a0ffbb2aa82974739941676ca633c4a9f087ab","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.518241Z","signature_b64":"W6t0NWD4VryH6iCjSVteixM2E/fo3wDdUJHmMWp4y9Xh0j5Lw4RrW+xYUpeohqVzUEIju1+rAddZ7Qw1wCS+AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47776dd3f97b32487e9c474324a0ffbb2aa82974739941676ca633c4a9f087ab","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.517743Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.517743Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.05463","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zIauX6K2WGWDeyhytNFMEA0cWJtZrLWb1FhbgVDB4LU6hXyD1gJLki3G/imSwoROi6RJF2mNVMCC8dMM2jntAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:13:11.071172Z"},"content_sha256":"9a8c50b2bce53fc6f41ddb92f8252526bc7ada4963fb3877e61bb2de15f0161c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a8c50b2bce53fc6f41ddb92f8252526bc7ada4963fb3877e61bb2de15f0161c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Infrastructure-enabled GPS Spoofing Detection and Correction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Feilong Wang, Jeff Ban, Yuan Hong","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accurate and robust localization is crucial for supporting high-level driving automation and safety. Modern localization solutions rely on various sensors, among which GPS has been and will continue to be essential. However, GPS can be vulnerable to malicious attacks and GPS spoofing has been identified as a high threat. With transportation infrastructure becoming increasingly important in supporting emerging vehicle technologies and systems, this study explores the potential of applying infrastructure data for defending against GPS spoofing. We propose an infrastructure-enabled framework usin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.05463/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8Ti9A3Ic3dNzD9KdmR9q3W1BU9vLZsygl7oOJR/8cH6b+FLM60YMdO2ZXRG2P5F2dvokRjtedzRIVR7BuZHQDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:13:11.072047Z"},"content_sha256":"8848e90e18e4108f93bbd2ac6c9846abc1c70ff7f89aa77650a72ca76eb889aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8848e90e18e4108f93bbd2ac6c9846abc1c70ff7f89aa77650a72ca76eb889aa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T20:13:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4I5BSJIH7XM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8eadeeda35c4ac6ea95b53730071e1bab550b327a0fb0a1b64ef510c2bd36940","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"b47b7c20cde36aa7dc62061a18ebe2cf3ab6f4f75e87c9079c99aa08ed344b09"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.05463","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.05463v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.05463","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I53W3U7ZPMZE","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I53W3U7ZPMZEQ7U4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I53W3U7Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8848e90e18e4108f93bbd2ac6c9846abc1c70ff7f89aa77650a72ca76eb889aa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.05463/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Accurate and robust localization is crucial for supporting high-level driving automation and safety. Modern localization solutions rely on various sensors, among which GPS has been and will continue to be essential. However, GPS can be vulnerable to malicious attacks and GPS spoofing has been identified as a high threat. With transportation infrastructure becoming increasingly important in supporting emerging vehicle technologies and systems, this study explores the potential of applying infrastructure data for defending against GPS spoofing. We propose an infrastructure-enabled framework usin","authors_text":"Feilong Wang, Jeff Ban, Yuan Hong","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","title":"Infrastructure-enabled GPS Spoofing Detection and Correction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a8c50b2bce53fc6f41ddb92f8252526bc7ada4963fb3877e61bb2de15f0161c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8eadeeda35c4ac6ea95b53730071e1bab550b327a0fb0a1b64ef510c2bd36940","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2022-02-11T05:53:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"b47b7c20cde36aa7dc62061a18ebe2cf3ab6f4f75e87c9079c99aa08ed344b09"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.05463","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"47776dd3f97b32487e9c474324a0ffbb2aa82974739941676ca633c4a9f087ab","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"47776dd3f97b32487e9c474324a0ffbb2aa82974739941676ca633c4a9f087ab","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.517743Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.517743Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"W6t0NWD4VryH6iCjSVteixM2E/fo3wDdUJHmMWp4y9Xh0j5Lw4RrW+xYUpeohqVzUEIju1+rAddZ7Qw1wCS+AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:51:15.518241Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.05463","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a8c50b2bce53fc6f41ddb92f8252526bc7ada4963fb3877e61bb2de15f0161c","sha256:8848e90e18e4108f93bbd2ac6c9846abc1c70ff7f89aa77650a72ca76eb889aa"],"state_sha256":"49e0012becf85af7966defc9cbf5bfabde55c5ccbf33b4e17ff4277887ec4913"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uQbD4qIKnXVVvH5JkSX9ljUb45hk5v2z7P0lED0yZ+DcwZpEh161vldVBTsnzLlFn6sclQHRYyi3zKZKciu7Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:13:11.083625Z","bundle_sha256":"9916c98d2859ec60e5e7ca0863931114c3e53b5e9b203290981cbef559b40c1d"}}