{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS","short_pith_number":"pith:I57O4CIV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"506058dbd7380902fe8ce9d7a3385b05be91740d80f52a7a86a96ec03e08361f","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc5d5784350d922691290b3214c639bc160ab35e2897b96333889af193c7f34f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"477eee0915039bd815cf0359cece1e4c941167cbe7017eb659dbcabc84bbb774","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1412.7371","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.7371","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.7371v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.7371","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I57O4CIVAON5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I57O4CIVAON5QFOP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I57O4CIV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"506058dbd7380902fe8ce9d7a3385b05be91740d80f52a7a86a96ec03e08361f","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc5d5784350d922691290b3214c639bc160ab35e2897b96333889af193c7f34f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"477eee0915039bd815cf0359cece1e4c941167cbe7017eb659dbcabc84bbb774","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.326255Z","signature_b64":"mkrDtiPX/0UaplBu+kYZF9gUBBULyps4xyWvhw9Oxto+a2yZHU/ebrCaF1ZDBBCYEKggdqaJsEvRXVgWPZ7mCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"477eee0915039bd815cf0359cece1e4c941167cbe7017eb659dbcabc84bbb774","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.325637Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.325637Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1412.7371","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GB+ixv3ZjBNl2MokdN7wKlE1TEQoftmlYusn+qEyXLK/oOwHxJhFu3wQE0+LX6JUxOCMG4yh7BXgYNux+vOwDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T19:13:33.101839Z"},"content_sha256":"74d1a5d410d7cda3715b65bce852a260966c445fb04a059fccc148862677c1df","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:74d1a5d410d7cda3715b65bce852a260966c445fb04a059fccc148862677c1df"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Linearized Theory of Traffic Flow","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Rohan Abeyaratne, Tal Cohen","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"The equation of motion of a general class of macroscopic traffic flow models is linearized around a steady uniform flow. A closed-form solution of a boundary-initial value problem is obtained, and it is used to describe several phenomena. Specifically, the scenarios examined involve a smooth velocity field in stop-and-go traffic, a discontinuous velocity field with shock waves in a traffic light problem, and discontinuous displacement fields in a problem where a single platoon of vehicles splits into two, and later merges back into one."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XOAMflh3j+VKTMpd+idgZnBBmzrMYzLRc+teQnVFNt0P8HJXlOT3tnXnCQ7hvM9h65RYnT2VkUlwsLti5qUjDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T19:13:33.102179Z"},"content_sha256":"e287dfa9b63a73b7036a9990d3a5266a4f4d7bc6cd5a03c81d02d9b250da324c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e287dfa9b63a73b7036a9990d3a5266a4f4d7bc6cd5a03c81d02d9b250da324c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T19:13:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:I57O4CIVAON5QFOPANM45TQ6JS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc5d5784350d922691290b3214c639bc160ab35e2897b96333889af193c7f34f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"506058dbd7380902fe8ce9d7a3385b05be91740d80f52a7a86a96ec03e08361f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1412.7371","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1412.7371v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1412.7371","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I57O4CIVAON5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I57O4CIVAON5QFOP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I57O4CIV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e287dfa9b63a73b7036a9990d3a5266a4f4d7bc6cd5a03c81d02d9b250da324c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The equation of motion of a general class of macroscopic traffic flow models is linearized around a steady uniform flow. A closed-form solution of a boundary-initial value problem is obtained, and it is used to describe several phenomena. Specifically, the scenarios examined involve a smooth velocity field in stop-and-go traffic, a discontinuous velocity field with shock waves in a traffic light problem, and discontinuous displacement fields in a problem where a single platoon of vehicles splits into two, and later merges back into one.","authors_text":"Rohan Abeyaratne, Tal Cohen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","title":"Linearized Theory of Traffic Flow"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:74d1a5d410d7cda3715b65bce852a260966c445fb04a059fccc148862677c1df","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc5d5784350d922691290b3214c639bc160ab35e2897b96333889af193c7f34f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2014-12-20T01:41:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"506058dbd7380902fe8ce9d7a3385b05be91740d80f52a7a86a96ec03e08361f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1412.7371","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"477eee0915039bd815cf0359cece1e4c941167cbe7017eb659dbcabc84bbb774","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"477eee0915039bd815cf0359cece1e4c941167cbe7017eb659dbcabc84bbb774","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.325637Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.325637Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mkrDtiPX/0UaplBu+kYZF9gUBBULyps4xyWvhw9Oxto+a2yZHU/ebrCaF1ZDBBCYEKggdqaJsEvRXVgWPZ7mCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:19:16.326255Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1412.7371","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:74d1a5d410d7cda3715b65bce852a260966c445fb04a059fccc148862677c1df","sha256:e287dfa9b63a73b7036a9990d3a5266a4f4d7bc6cd5a03c81d02d9b250da324c"],"state_sha256":"f454bae88cec529f78ac40590233879cd1d14f0c4cfcfde73a217be601cbe3b8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OwzxFIlp6dLSpzspWt6PZpa/lzNEFFkuabqQu/YgCq8e6mIL/GdxA3TXHPWd09Fz9HasltDo7PZGa48ctBAyDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T19:13:33.104106Z","bundle_sha256":"45827118cad7d590df1f63ad82c0100dc3a4e984172da7a2fe72f1101b739a0d"}}