{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW","short_pith_number":"pith:I72EXENT","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"47f44b91b3af6fcb1d55081840812195828eaaf38e0b613df3afab01b9fc2143","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.12518","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"3D climate simulations of the Archean find that methane has a strong cooling effect at high concentrations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Arwen E. Nicholson, Denis E. Sergeev, Eric T. Wolf, F. Hugo Lambert, Ian A. Boutle, Inga E. E. Kamp, Jake K. Eager-Nash, James Manners, Janke E. Prins, Krisztian Kohary, Nathan J. Mayne, Oakley C. F. Young, Stuart J. Daines, Tim M. Lenton","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T09:13:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Methane is thought to have been an important greenhouse gas during the Archean, although its potential warming has been found to be limited at high concentrations due to its high shortwave absorption. We use the Met Office Unified Model, a general circulation model, to further explore the climatic effect of different Archean methane concentrations. Surface warming peaks at a pressure ratio CH$_4$:CO$_2$ of approximately 0.1, reaching a maximum of up to 7 K before significant cooling above this ratio. Equator-to-pole temperature differences also tend to increase up to pCH$_4$ $\\leq$300 Pa, whic"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.12518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T09:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"133642956b0bea024b9b7b83b13ab865ed48a69e918b4b671400764d76b98af8","abstract_canon_sha256":"01bbd63c0bd4d3f4817e153f72d66505f6606f26dc4d223f2fc651c9c79046be"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.184068Z","signature_b64":"LA8QuUS6pIbT+1mvefhSk8La8eqi76ByaQ8h1OHYGYZmcgG3kt0OwjT0ppiqaciS5q23bvQ2xX7j8FXG3QkkDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47f44b91b3af6fcb1d55081840812195828eaaf38e0b613df3afab01b9fc2143","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183556Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183556Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"3D climate simulations of the Archean find that methane has a strong cooling effect at high concentrations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Arwen E. Nicholson, Denis E. Sergeev, Eric T. Wolf, F. Hugo Lambert, Ian A. Boutle, Inga E. E. Kamp, Jake K. Eager-Nash, James Manners, Janke E. Prins, Krisztian Kohary, Nathan J. Mayne, Oakley C. F. Young, Stuart J. Daines, Tim M. Lenton","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T09:13:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Methane is thought to have been an important greenhouse gas during the Archean, although its potential warming has been found to be limited at high concentrations due to its high shortwave absorption. We use the Met Office Unified Model, a general circulation model, to further explore the climatic effect of different Archean methane concentrations. Surface warming peaks at a pressure ratio CH$_4$:CO$_2$ of approximately 0.1, reaching a maximum of up to 7 K before significant cooling above this ratio. Equator-to-pole temperature differences also tend to increase up to pCH$_4$ $\\leq$300 Pa, whic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.12518","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.12518/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.12518","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.12518v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.12518","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I72EXENTV5X4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I72EXENTV5X4WHKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I72EXENT","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I72EXENT"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I72EXENT","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2302.12518&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/I72EXENTV5X4WHKVBAMEBAJBSW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:58:09.183626+00:00"}