{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL","short_pith_number":"pith:I73FP3C6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6a433689dabd7b474896036df4f3feee4cbf6867e911fc46a51d203ce306e863","abstract_canon_sha256":"07c58dff1aa94f7090feb4615b256a51b36aecf0c4ae75e89e3c35984cf19d6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47f657ec5eb5b45a86f9422e939ac63ad4021ca30b7f9895a4e3230ebf4a87c5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.03280","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.03280","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.03280v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.03280","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I73FP3C6WW2F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I73FP3C6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6a433689dabd7b474896036df4f3feee4cbf6867e911fc46a51d203ce306e863","abstract_canon_sha256":"07c58dff1aa94f7090feb4615b256a51b36aecf0c4ae75e89e3c35984cf19d6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47f657ec5eb5b45a86f9422e939ac63ad4021ca30b7f9895a4e3230ebf4a87c5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.757172Z","signature_b64":"WPTYbhOkJxwt1FE5AmC8HaWba3AHpF7ZMQVEmEroojH4MxQkU9a+aEa+UGeE2OY0Y069uxkTWRnVjsQV3WlGBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47f657ec5eb5b45a86f9422e939ac63ad4021ca30b7f9895a4e3230ebf4a87c5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.756567Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.756567Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1902.03280","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2LC23sdTzHmQqwGJQsIgbqpk02rr2rWz+IpBpwttuq6Cp5x4XWytRXNWMQd09ZcqgRLx1MUZPKBdJtAWjcIHDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T12:31:24.149775Z"},"content_sha256":"815202af9904032821a8c5d4bd25aadfe05b92c200c7fe22ad4fe1238ff27bc2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:815202af9904032821a8c5d4bd25aadfe05b92c200c7fe22ad4fe1238ff27bc2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The intertwined roles of particle shape and surface roughness in controlling the shear strength of a granular material","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Arthur K. MacKeith, Heinrich M. Jaeger, Kieran A. Murphy, Leah K. Roth","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"Both the shape of individual particles and their surface properties contribute to the strength of a granular material under shear. Here we show the degree to which these two aspects can be intertwined. In experiments on assemblies of 3D printed, convex lens-shaped particles, we measure the stress-strain response under repeated compressive loading and find that the aggregate's shear strength falls rapidly when compared to other particle shapes. We probe the granular material at mm-scales with X-ray computed tomography and $\\mu$m-scales with high-resolution surface metrology to look for the caus"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CB1KBOnv4Cot/u3VA0CpFW+K6cz3LU58zJoU+Ft8X4BtlMDAy5gdMxgDTXsr5GZr0W9PrRSW9efy6Qja32xZAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T12:31:24.150109Z"},"content_sha256":"35079c81354e4bda968a93a39f1b052e1bcc2fff15562a9c6acb1b4cb6c26e20","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:35079c81354e4bda968a93a39f1b052e1bcc2fff15562a9c6acb1b4cb6c26e20"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T12:31:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZIIXJHGWGHL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07c58dff1aa94f7090feb4615b256a51b36aecf0c4ae75e89e3c35984cf19d6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a433689dabd7b474896036df4f3feee4cbf6867e911fc46a51d203ce306e863"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.03280","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.03280v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.03280","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I73FP3C6WW2F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I73FP3C6WW2FVBXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I73FP3C6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:35079c81354e4bda968a93a39f1b052e1bcc2fff15562a9c6acb1b4cb6c26e20","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Both the shape of individual particles and their surface properties contribute to the strength of a granular material under shear. Here we show the degree to which these two aspects can be intertwined. In experiments on assemblies of 3D printed, convex lens-shaped particles, we measure the stress-strain response under repeated compressive loading and find that the aggregate's shear strength falls rapidly when compared to other particle shapes. We probe the granular material at mm-scales with X-ray computed tomography and $\\mu$m-scales with high-resolution surface metrology to look for the caus","authors_text":"Arthur K. MacKeith, Heinrich M. Jaeger, Kieran A. Murphy, Leah K. Roth","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","title":"The intertwined roles of particle shape and surface roughness in controlling the shear strength of a granular material"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:815202af9904032821a8c5d4bd25aadfe05b92c200c7fe22ad4fe1238ff27bc2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07c58dff1aa94f7090feb4615b256a51b36aecf0c4ae75e89e3c35984cf19d6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2019-02-08T20:26:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a433689dabd7b474896036df4f3feee4cbf6867e911fc46a51d203ce306e863"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.03280","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"47f657ec5eb5b45a86f9422e939ac63ad4021ca30b7f9895a4e3230ebf4a87c5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"47f657ec5eb5b45a86f9422e939ac63ad4021ca30b7f9895a4e3230ebf4a87c5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.756567Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.756567Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WPTYbhOkJxwt1FE5AmC8HaWba3AHpF7ZMQVEmEroojH4MxQkU9a+aEa+UGeE2OY0Y069uxkTWRnVjsQV3WlGBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:42:34.757172Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.03280","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:815202af9904032821a8c5d4bd25aadfe05b92c200c7fe22ad4fe1238ff27bc2","sha256:35079c81354e4bda968a93a39f1b052e1bcc2fff15562a9c6acb1b4cb6c26e20"],"state_sha256":"c348ce6c1c0879426722924cd8862017326fdc0e0ae83d2c1b694159b8750072"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gOUvUPKYAGxEf91u7+t9bgPHvwvj7i37AkdB56zksYzHpbzszqBnj2+8dltDl61ZPyM56UkErmv+3gvwot2OCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T12:31:24.152399Z","bundle_sha256":"dd827dc8a8072f6ae60f9245010c2d5b1d3eeee6c4246101a5b58214d7d90f3e"}}