{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2003:I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3","short_pith_number":"pith:I77ZQBBY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"47ff980438a9e5b59b026414475a815ec82fcc321836d36e2356d121a115bd7a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/0312099","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Ghost Condensation and a Consistent Infrared Modification of Gravity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Hsin-Chia Cheng, Markus A. Luty, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Shinji Mukohyama","submitted_at":"2003-12-10T20:55:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a theoretically consistent modification of gravity in the infrared, which is compatible with all current experimental observations. This is an analog of Higgs mechanism in general relativity, and can be thought of as arising from ghost condensation--a background where a scalar field \\phi has a constant velocity, <\\dot\\phi> = M^2. The ghost condensate is a new kind of fluid that can fill the universe, which has the same equation of state, \\rho = -p, as a cosmological constant, and can hence drive de Sitter expansion of the universe. However, unlike a cosmological constant, it is a ph"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0312099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2003-12-10T20:55:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6f63a410cf21aec9dc190c52fffaae894111a6c737b839102ae42a4220da016a","abstract_canon_sha256":"77fc8a549b497818abdc92dce15fec87ddc7e2283d860fbdb4cf92d5ab7d7fb2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577430Z","signature_b64":"MzJ8jGRs6elslx/ew1gyT3huRYRWNL1CVZpBumLu4C1wlsxvOrFBXY4nNAFBjLVQ1Qlro8vwwRXzkZijnOMwCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47ff980438a9e5b59b026414475a815ec82fcc321836d36e2356d121a115bd7a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577040Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577040Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ghost Condensation and a Consistent Infrared Modification of Gravity","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Hsin-Chia Cheng, Markus A. Luty, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Shinji Mukohyama","submitted_at":"2003-12-10T20:55:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a theoretically consistent modification of gravity in the infrared, which is compatible with all current experimental observations. This is an analog of Higgs mechanism in general relativity, and can be thought of as arising from ghost condensation--a background where a scalar field \\phi has a constant velocity, <\\dot\\phi> = M^2. The ghost condensate is a new kind of fluid that can fill the universe, which has the same equation of state, \\rho = -p, as a cosmological constant, and can hence drive de Sitter expansion of the universe. However, unlike a cosmological constant, it is a ph"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0312099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/0312099/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0312099","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0312099v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0312099","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I77ZQBBYVHS3","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYC","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I77ZQBBY","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":15,"internal_anchor_count":12,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.11062","citing_title":"A Friendly Phantom: Late-time AdS-to-dS transition and cosmological tensions","ref_index":5,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.12579","citing_title":"Phase-resolved field-space distance criteria in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies","ref_index":36,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2503.05651","citing_title":"Inverting no-hair theorems: How requiring General Relativity solutions restricts scalar-tensor theories","ref_index":31,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.20102","citing_title":"Non-Relativistic Cosmological Collider Signals","ref_index":80,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2505.22066","citing_title":"Cosmic Strings as Dynamical Dark Energy: Novel Constraints","ref_index":54,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2507.05207","citing_title":"Interacting Scalar Fields as Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Einstein scalar Gauss Bonnet Gravity","ref_index":50,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.09202","citing_title":"Interacting $k$-essence field with non-pressureless Dark Matter: Cosmological Dynamics and Observational Constraints","ref_index":69,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.14047","citing_title":"Exact, non-singular black holes from a phantom DBI Field as primordial dark matter","ref_index":46,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2512.22728","citing_title":"Probing higher curvature gravity via ringdown with overtones","ref_index":6,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.12579","citing_title":"Phase-resolved field-space distance criteria in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies","ref_index":36,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.14172","citing_title":"Constitutive Origin of Hamiltonian Degeneracy in Nonlinear Electrodynamics with Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking","ref_index":6,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.12579","citing_title":"Phase-resolved field-space distance criteria in ekpyrotic, bouncing and cyclic cosmologies","ref_index":36,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.09170","citing_title":"Covariant scalar-tensor theories beyond second derivatives","ref_index":7,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.14490","citing_title":"Spatially covariant gravity with two degrees of freedom: A perturbative analysis up to cubic order","ref_index":21,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.04154","citing_title":"A Master Equation for Screening in Luminal Horndeski Gravity","ref_index":119,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3","json":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I77ZQBBY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/I77ZQBBY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=hep-th/0312099&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/I77ZQBBYVHS3LGYCMQKEOWUBL3/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T16:41:29.577109+00:00"}