{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS","short_pith_number":"pith:I7PQTSR2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e916a01cc15ab50fdb419005a63bb0db4d0670608143abfae3589e3770a7174","abstract_canon_sha256":"7470b015309d9e20119ac5744f84f902de3cbbe7904a1a726f66a31985fa9f3e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47df09ca3a1acbc9eef0aaa6efb4b794a3d5dbed3c7c22991722a347ef0be85d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.01779","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.01779","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.01779v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.01779","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2DLF4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e916a01cc15ab50fdb419005a63bb0db4d0670608143abfae3589e3770a7174","abstract_canon_sha256":"7470b015309d9e20119ac5744f84f902de3cbbe7904a1a726f66a31985fa9f3e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47df09ca3a1acbc9eef0aaa6efb4b794a3d5dbed3c7c22991722a347ef0be85d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.755263Z","signature_b64":"8DAdV95mQOJG2+Yy/Fc8e7HoKY8gFSWwKf6ER1UgHCHnDFiv0TTG8y/v4FKtG/w4bJBkNSyMMopEu8bXgmquCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47df09ca3a1acbc9eef0aaa6efb4b794a3d5dbed3c7c22991722a347ef0be85d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.754574Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.754574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.01779","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L3gdZ0VmDkn61VBPxPgChnoAZy0VL/48ZXgOufD9urGUU3lwTDHwZJenB0m82kgIEbAuRbHZs99L2XeD6yl1CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T22:03:02.245204Z"},"content_sha256":"6a110bfc8b90ed615cb4634a1ff8bad2b52d1948f2c3ea20433036bb771bd915","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6a110bfc8b90ed615cb4634a1ff8bad2b52d1948f2c3ea20433036bb771bd915"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ion Dynamics at A Rippled Quasi-parallel Shock: 2-D Hybrid Simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","authors_text":"Quanming Lu, Shui Wang, Xinliang Gao, Yufei Hao","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid simulations are performed to investigate ion dynamics at a rippled quasi-parallel shock. The results show that the ripples around the shock front are inherent structures of a quasi-parallel shock, and the reformation of the shock is not synchronous along the surface of the shock front. By following the trajectories of the upstream ions, we find that these ions behave differently when they interact with the shock front at different positions along the shock surface. The upstream particles are easier to transmit through the upper part of a ripple, and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5HBzxfBgN14ROZiR6ljRAyfczwL7rwDWUhc+ETMy3/jpd6DTv231i4DJtJtpjLTYZYcfanS83HCy20d4MGTNBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T22:03:02.245973Z"},"content_sha256":"200e24bedb14a1ebed84c7262fa12aaf81b166ea3a41dc1a97ec037199650c46","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:200e24bedb14a1ebed84c7262fa12aaf81b166ea3a41dc1a97ec037199650c46"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-20T22:03:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQVKTO7NFXSS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7470b015309d9e20119ac5744f84f902de3cbbe7904a1a726f66a31985fa9f3e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e916a01cc15ab50fdb419005a63bb0db4d0670608143abfae3589e3770a7174"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.01779","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.01779v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.01779","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2DLF4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2DLF4T3XQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I7PQTSR2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:200e24bedb14a1ebed84c7262fa12aaf81b166ea3a41dc1a97ec037199650c46","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid simulations are performed to investigate ion dynamics at a rippled quasi-parallel shock. The results show that the ripples around the shock front are inherent structures of a quasi-parallel shock, and the reformation of the shock is not synchronous along the surface of the shock front. By following the trajectories of the upstream ions, we find that these ions behave differently when they interact with the shock front at different positions along the shock surface. The upstream particles are easier to transmit through the upper part of a ripple, and ","authors_text":"Quanming Lu, Shui Wang, Xinliang Gao, Yufei Hao","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","title":"Ion Dynamics at A Rippled Quasi-parallel Shock: 2-D Hybrid Simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6a110bfc8b90ed615cb4634a1ff8bad2b52d1948f2c3ea20433036bb771bd915","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7470b015309d9e20119ac5744f84f902de3cbbe7904a1a726f66a31985fa9f3e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","submitted_at":"2016-03-06T02:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e916a01cc15ab50fdb419005a63bb0db4d0670608143abfae3589e3770a7174"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.01779","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"47df09ca3a1acbc9eef0aaa6efb4b794a3d5dbed3c7c22991722a347ef0be85d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"47df09ca3a1acbc9eef0aaa6efb4b794a3d5dbed3c7c22991722a347ef0be85d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.754574Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.754574Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8DAdV95mQOJG2+Yy/Fc8e7HoKY8gFSWwKf6ER1UgHCHnDFiv0TTG8y/v4FKtG/w4bJBkNSyMMopEu8bXgmquCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:13:54.755263Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.01779","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6a110bfc8b90ed615cb4634a1ff8bad2b52d1948f2c3ea20433036bb771bd915","sha256:200e24bedb14a1ebed84c7262fa12aaf81b166ea3a41dc1a97ec037199650c46"],"state_sha256":"d681c97897e16340295c872c2300dbf82c17b44da720e8fa2e3050906e3d9890"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"swfu7h3W7hil2jukxKQ+ZkSqstdYwFkOLuSGY9xIVZP+5Pl1GtkvoIWOu7vph4YfxNIL43mPSJpZDu7pFJD4Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T22:03:02.249710Z","bundle_sha256":"ff4b46d167d24daf25f5c700a0ca43f410c8023efd164c9e55fe58947cae702b"}}