{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT","short_pith_number":"pith:I7SXOZWQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ce44b21b366484c0bbab02ba9b84a8715e19053428c459b82daf53ac00c73d08","abstract_canon_sha256":"a71a3b26f4a7828c8e5c01d2a38f06fdad85d821f50abb811f9210e2ec84a166"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47e57766d012b3dc7b2162dc139add4cc86ebf47acf4913677c71e45e3574002","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.05145","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.05145","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.05145v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.05145","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQCKZ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ce44b21b366484c0bbab02ba9b84a8715e19053428c459b82daf53ac00c73d08","abstract_canon_sha256":"a71a3b26f4a7828c8e5c01d2a38f06fdad85d821f50abb811f9210e2ec84a166"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"47e57766d012b3dc7b2162dc139add4cc86ebf47acf4913677c71e45e3574002","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.666405Z","signature_b64":"10CzYnn5OgoUYt47eJ3j54XrzA1xApp/nB9TEeRMU7pGVpriacPvlZIyWRECC8J/GNvThcODGwH+DZf3lSicAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"47e57766d012b3dc7b2162dc139add4cc86ebf47acf4913677c71e45e3574002","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.665899Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.665899Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.05145","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NkNirBnWNO04bzwvs04wDzh4iIvej5YnjPWApO63BiWGvd+gqs9w2wetd3rKroDlFed8SUNfEH3ZqhyEstvyCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:44:49.223691Z"},"content_sha256":"eaf000aaa512287d14e36efb0791cc136a8c61bdba46b2e1f68a40e538dd8938","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eaf000aaa512287d14e36efb0791cc136a8c61bdba46b2e1f68a40e538dd8938"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Analyzing Resource Utilization in an HPC System: A Case Study of NERSC Perlmutter","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Brandon Cook, Dulanya Cooray, George Michelogiannakis, Jie Li, Yong Chen","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Resource demands of HPC applications vary significantly. However, it is common for HPC systems to primarily assign resources on a per-node basis to prevent interference from co-located workloads. This gap between the coarse-grained resource allocation and the varying resource demands can lead to HPC resources being not fully utilized. In this study, we analyze the resource usage and application behavior of NERSC's Perlmutter, a state-of-the-art open-science HPC system with both CPU-only and GPU-accelerated nodes. Our one-month usage analysis reveals that CPUs are commonly not fully utilized, e"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.05145/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QixrcUBNi2ot161exh+Nv7NCVbY449w7K/gbQPztU9G8mUDI9SBc11jjSTDVBgtA3UIIgMIF1j1kpYo2+mObCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:44:49.224571Z"},"content_sha256":"a707c3fd6eb0b8797e43d64f4443f5e7fca2f67750a05978be04ae27e3ddef2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a707c3fd6eb0b8797e43d64f4443f5e7fca2f67750a05978be04ae27e3ddef2a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T01:44:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZBMLOBHGW5JT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a71a3b26f4a7828c8e5c01d2a38f06fdad85d821f50abb811f9210e2ec84a166","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"ce44b21b366484c0bbab02ba9b84a8715e19053428c459b82daf53ac00c73d08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.05145","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.05145v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.05145","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQCKZ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQCKZ5Y6ZB","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"I7SXOZWQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a707c3fd6eb0b8797e43d64f4443f5e7fca2f67750a05978be04ae27e3ddef2a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.05145/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Resource demands of HPC applications vary significantly. However, it is common for HPC systems to primarily assign resources on a per-node basis to prevent interference from co-located workloads. This gap between the coarse-grained resource allocation and the varying resource demands can lead to HPC resources being not fully utilized. In this study, we analyze the resource usage and application behavior of NERSC's Perlmutter, a state-of-the-art open-science HPC system with both CPU-only and GPU-accelerated nodes. Our one-month usage analysis reveals that CPUs are commonly not fully utilized, e","authors_text":"Brandon Cook, Dulanya Cooray, George Michelogiannakis, Jie Li, Yong Chen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","title":"Analyzing Resource Utilization in an HPC System: A Case Study of NERSC Perlmutter"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:eaf000aaa512287d14e36efb0791cc136a8c61bdba46b2e1f68a40e538dd8938","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a71a3b26f4a7828c8e5c01d2a38f06fdad85d821f50abb811f9210e2ec84a166","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2023-01-12T17:00:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"ce44b21b366484c0bbab02ba9b84a8715e19053428c459b82daf53ac00c73d08"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.05145","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"47e57766d012b3dc7b2162dc139add4cc86ebf47acf4913677c71e45e3574002","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"47e57766d012b3dc7b2162dc139add4cc86ebf47acf4913677c71e45e3574002","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.665899Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.665899Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"10CzYnn5OgoUYt47eJ3j54XrzA1xApp/nB9TEeRMU7pGVpriacPvlZIyWRECC8J/GNvThcODGwH+DZf3lSicAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:50:12.666405Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.05145","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:eaf000aaa512287d14e36efb0791cc136a8c61bdba46b2e1f68a40e538dd8938","sha256:a707c3fd6eb0b8797e43d64f4443f5e7fca2f67750a05978be04ae27e3ddef2a"],"state_sha256":"9f3759a4849fbaf0729f8cfec450022078c475ea91f03e0afe9681868bb06f42"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yng65RAhn2noJk6m6xGIzJ5BwuC/ayMGz28aQjI/AMf+tpMskr4/20HCyoDPkIy6WNlfNC7Wtgagl/iIoeZRDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:44:49.235224Z","bundle_sha256":"5c6540fccecc9bf9fa482ef3ccaa1d6c83734359de753c9df343991ae233d861"}}