{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ","short_pith_number":"pith:IA2O4MA3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d5877e4aa7d1f809f5ec7cf6488f5e93a8837a8249ff1067aa3718020c305f6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"dde0de4a31a0b7bc4878d7b97f8f938b6283b79b3b9c68ffb79cdfe4bdf4b544"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4034ee301b5a1fe50a8f990ec092914c3ce909293fe3195e193c97b8a4c02335","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.23374","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.23374","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.23374v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.23374","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3LIP6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUP","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d5877e4aa7d1f809f5ec7cf6488f5e93a8837a8249ff1067aa3718020c305f6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"dde0de4a31a0b7bc4878d7b97f8f938b6283b79b3b9c68ffb79cdfe4bdf4b544"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4034ee301b5a1fe50a8f990ec092914c3ce909293fe3195e193c97b8a4c02335","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.633029Z","signature_b64":"tbPfNXAK4Kisnd3+UvNcgieEBv7RWmtI6A04tN5poxq/r0h853iuhKESwW/42cJVI7rmRHct0ThoWRwzgXCDDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4034ee301b5a1fe50a8f990ec092914c3ce909293fe3195e193c97b8a4c02335","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.632558Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.632558Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.23374","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pa5zCn2ebKf7hFSc9DHE1eE6L55JupFPcjBWRl6T+gKlD5L9YpG6lS9gxwKOo8yycBKsma3lUzFTKMUZNwUwBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T12:12:50.078066Z"},"content_sha256":"2f40e879ae9d4c186d11265b99b3fde97c8f576797d6944792b8603735dddc11","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f40e879ae9d4c186d11265b99b3fde97c8f576797d6944792b8603735dddc11"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Additive Noise Meets Unobserved Mediators: Bivariate Denoising Diffusion for Causal Discovery","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Dominik Meier, Kyra Gan, Promit Ghosal, Sujai Hiremath","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Distinguishing cause and effect from bivariate observational data is a foundational problem in many disciplines, but challenging without additional assumptions. Additive noise models (ANMs) are widely used to enable sample-efficient bivariate causal discovery. However, conventional ANM-based methods fail when unobserved mediators corrupt the causal relationship between variables. This paper makes three key contributions: first, we rigorously characterize why standard ANM approaches break down in the presence of unmeasured mediators. Second, we demonstrate that prior solutions for hidden mediat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.23374/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GDIeoKtuoNISSwWG0Fxg+7JjD1//O5tCYfI+bo6amyIaVyd0BdudUyd5kThMQxdKX/KT3wjL0Cfejwg9PcjdBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T12:12:50.078735Z"},"content_sha256":"28ff4655728a1f5fdaecc6e4e05875a1f47188c98d287d6188d3f597a6e2f98e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28ff4655728a1f5fdaecc6e4e05875a1f47188c98d287d6188d3f597a6e2f98e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T12:12:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUPTEHMBEURJQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dde0de4a31a0b7bc4878d7b97f8f938b6283b79b3b9c68ffb79cdfe4bdf4b544","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5877e4aa7d1f809f5ec7cf6488f5e93a8837a8249ff1067aa3718020c305f6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.23374","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.23374v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.23374","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3LIP6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3LIP6KCUP","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IA2O4MA3","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28ff4655728a1f5fdaecc6e4e05875a1f47188c98d287d6188d3f597a6e2f98e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.23374/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Distinguishing cause and effect from bivariate observational data is a foundational problem in many disciplines, but challenging without additional assumptions. Additive noise models (ANMs) are widely used to enable sample-efficient bivariate causal discovery. However, conventional ANM-based methods fail when unobserved mediators corrupt the causal relationship between variables. This paper makes three key contributions: first, we rigorously characterize why standard ANM approaches break down in the presence of unmeasured mediators. Second, we demonstrate that prior solutions for hidden mediat","authors_text":"Dominik Meier, Kyra Gan, Promit Ghosal, Sujai Hiremath","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","title":"When Additive Noise Meets Unobserved Mediators: Bivariate Denoising Diffusion for Causal Discovery"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2f40e879ae9d4c186d11265b99b3fde97c8f576797d6944792b8603735dddc11","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dde0de4a31a0b7bc4878d7b97f8f938b6283b79b3b9c68ffb79cdfe4bdf4b544","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-29T19:20:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5877e4aa7d1f809f5ec7cf6488f5e93a8837a8249ff1067aa3718020c305f6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.23374","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4034ee301b5a1fe50a8f990ec092914c3ce909293fe3195e193c97b8a4c02335","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4034ee301b5a1fe50a8f990ec092914c3ce909293fe3195e193c97b8a4c02335","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.632558Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.632558Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tbPfNXAK4Kisnd3+UvNcgieEBv7RWmtI6A04tN5poxq/r0h853iuhKESwW/42cJVI7rmRHct0ThoWRwzgXCDDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:29:20.633029Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.23374","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2f40e879ae9d4c186d11265b99b3fde97c8f576797d6944792b8603735dddc11","sha256:28ff4655728a1f5fdaecc6e4e05875a1f47188c98d287d6188d3f597a6e2f98e"],"state_sha256":"fa6337c95624da6bae22b938c19d76566ffccad570372e82f69a86159bcfec59"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dMYSEEab+r/UicOOpPeDECwbfG72sk/0miCUQml5ylDMCYvZTscgpxZcIGCDTtipji5suVNgHkqJhSHAKj4vAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T12:12:50.082896Z","bundle_sha256":"0854393cc3238b40f6595cb29130b8c9773536c19aa36b6b48f8835a43b83ea1"}}