{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","short_pith_number":"pith:IAJKSDXA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.00494","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Reconciling a Reactionless Propulsive Drive with the First Law of Thermodynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","authors_text":"Andrew J. Higgins","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"A \"space drive\" is a hypothetical device that generates a propulsive force in free space using an input of power without the need for a reaction mass. Any device that generates photons (e.g., a laser) would qualify as a propellantless \"photon rocket,\" but the force generated by emitting photons per power input (3.33 $\\mu$N/kW) is too small to be a practical propulsion device. The ability to generate greater force per power input would be highly desirable, but, as demonstrated in this paper, such a device would be able to operate as a perpetual motion machine of the first kind. Since applying a"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"34e1c1066c55ad399d06e7be12b5e1209ba5d8b87336cb8860196733c6880964","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c5c0b59080b65630f7c0e6522a83db0e3bfdaad233a0e3107f3dc98dd79986c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395974Z","signature_b64":"egon2KPKivURJJWfMSMUsGP3QnMNNw54Fcqk+P8Vei/cAAwBFSTZGm2GDxp/oH5W/+XJGKrug85oQYo+5OEzAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconciling a Reactionless Propulsive Drive with the First Law of Thermodynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","authors_text":"Andrew J. Higgins","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"A \"space drive\" is a hypothetical device that generates a propulsive force in free space using an input of power without the need for a reaction mass. Any device that generates photons (e.g., a laser) would qualify as a propellantless \"photon rocket,\" but the force generated by emitting photons per power input (3.33 $\\mu$N/kW) is too small to be a practical propulsion device. The ability to generate greater force per power input would be highly desirable, but, as demonstrated in this paper, such a device would be able to operate as a perpetual motion machine of the first kind. Since applying a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395438+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.00494v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395438+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395438+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25.134429+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25.134429+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IAJKSDXA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25.134429+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/IAJKSDXA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/IAJKSDXA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1506.00494&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395438+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395438+00:00"}