{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","short_pith_number":"pith:IAJKSDXA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"34e1c1066c55ad399d06e7be12b5e1209ba5d8b87336cb8860196733c6880964","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c5c0b59080b65630f7c0e6522a83db0e3bfdaad233a0e3107f3dc98dd79986c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.00494","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.00494v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IAJKSDXA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"34e1c1066c55ad399d06e7be12b5e1209ba5d8b87336cb8860196733c6880964","abstract_canon_sha256":"8c5c0b59080b65630f7c0e6522a83db0e3bfdaad233a0e3107f3dc98dd79986c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395974Z","signature_b64":"egon2KPKivURJJWfMSMUsGP3QnMNNw54Fcqk+P8Vei/cAAwBFSTZGm2GDxp/oH5W/+XJGKrug85oQYo+5OEzAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1506.00494","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E54DY5QDlruSdOxY/3fOlSCu7YgF2MVjZ49dPfaYsRFNEyXoodQKmiFl8vXxkkvCFiMOsaiCF/k+mkmxJV+1Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T21:25:08.782259Z"},"content_sha256":"ecfd79ae4615e5446c617e202e264a1b6ad55dba65eb028f08c367212e3901f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ecfd79ae4615e5446c617e202e264a1b6ad55dba65eb028f08c367212e3901f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconciling a Reactionless Propulsive Drive with the First Law of Thermodynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","authors_text":"Andrew J. Higgins","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"A \"space drive\" is a hypothetical device that generates a propulsive force in free space using an input of power without the need for a reaction mass. Any device that generates photons (e.g., a laser) would qualify as a propellantless \"photon rocket,\" but the force generated by emitting photons per power input (3.33 $\\mu$N/kW) is too small to be a practical propulsion device. The ability to generate greater force per power input would be highly desirable, but, as demonstrated in this paper, such a device would be able to operate as a perpetual motion machine of the first kind. Since applying a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vw2zKTp87llxanD83KbvZiSWd7CxFOxdI50+HcwC0Mknc4xNXa5/La6MiOiuHsdt3ShSyC0eYzLIIzGcTjDgAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T21:25:08.783053Z"},"content_sha256":"cb6472523cddb0c5ca3c261b4911f298b98d89577d3651a8a1d28afead119480","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb6472523cddb0c5ca3c261b4911f298b98d89577d3651a8a1d28afead119480"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T21:25:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6ESABBOUD5XN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c5c0b59080b65630f7c0e6522a83db0e3bfdaad233a0e3107f3dc98dd79986c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"34e1c1066c55ad399d06e7be12b5e1209ba5d8b87336cb8860196733c6880964"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.00494v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.00494","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IAJKSDXANG2ZDZ6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IAJKSDXA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb6472523cddb0c5ca3c261b4911f298b98d89577d3651a8a1d28afead119480","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A \"space drive\" is a hypothetical device that generates a propulsive force in free space using an input of power without the need for a reaction mass. Any device that generates photons (e.g., a laser) would qualify as a propellantless \"photon rocket,\" but the force generated by emitting photons per power input (3.33 $\\mu$N/kW) is too small to be a practical propulsion device. The ability to generate greater force per power input would be highly desirable, but, as demonstrated in this paper, such a device would be able to operate as a perpetual motion machine of the first kind. Since applying a","authors_text":"Andrew J. Higgins","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","title":"Reconciling a Reactionless Propulsive Drive with the First Law of Thermodynamics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ecfd79ae4615e5446c617e202e264a1b6ad55dba65eb028f08c367212e3901f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8c5c0b59080b65630f7c0e6522a83db0e3bfdaad233a0e3107f3dc98dd79986c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.pop-ph","submitted_at":"2015-05-07T21:24:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"34e1c1066c55ad399d06e7be12b5e1209ba5d8b87336cb8860196733c6880964"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.00494","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4012a90ee069b591e7c4900217507dbb6be9e3f2ff027b497270e93c67ce6cfa","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395308Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"egon2KPKivURJJWfMSMUsGP3QnMNNw54Fcqk+P8Vei/cAAwBFSTZGm2GDxp/oH5W/+XJGKrug85oQYo+5OEzAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:54.395974Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1506.00494","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ecfd79ae4615e5446c617e202e264a1b6ad55dba65eb028f08c367212e3901f5","sha256:cb6472523cddb0c5ca3c261b4911f298b98d89577d3651a8a1d28afead119480"],"state_sha256":"e108eded21625a297b0ca663fb6c4d29f0b649a7eec47a0445b0859d9135ab55"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PhKRzn0rD7dyEDmeUZ7D4OQ4+qD/sZ4EZlbtz3oAegR6nuEwNlKOKYyqcEvi4C7nI+IKGQoWZPGhwuF75fMBDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T21:25:08.787307Z","bundle_sha256":"f32277012d73fdd6d1ed31d0b09dd717dfbc61d8f480ff6fd0fe7f59c17ed609"}}