{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6","short_pith_number":"pith:IB5PVAF2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6151d8f27c3ebe313512d22a832818458a0d9e793a66e3eff55947a32605659e","abstract_canon_sha256":"35b820595f2cc215198cdbfd5a265eb42a3f0e21c2349d32981b2d1ede77054c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"407afa80ba326ebafc39236034a330478f8c8df1a1343905a8e57deda5cdd6d7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1110.6545","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.6545","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.6545v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.6545","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2GJXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6151d8f27c3ebe313512d22a832818458a0d9e793a66e3eff55947a32605659e","abstract_canon_sha256":"35b820595f2cc215198cdbfd5a265eb42a3f0e21c2349d32981b2d1ede77054c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"407afa80ba326ebafc39236034a330478f8c8df1a1343905a8e57deda5cdd6d7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340779Z","signature_b64":"JzzES+zUmrOvWolo4hwrvewQDKSI7BYe4tcIVWo/02bs4+XHk7hU+rWfLFugBO9zUR90qfgZOWQAW/jSdMNwBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"407afa80ba326ebafc39236034a330478f8c8df1a1343905a8e57deda5cdd6d7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340253Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1110.6545","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IhmcqnXmkCmZmQtR5jvlu/lnfJvPPj0Hopzb+xlatSEQjoIkjOw2DWa2QVQ0C29FsBvoENMWiPNY7nxAOu8pCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T09:54:15.426650Z"},"content_sha256":"bfe362e7e1ac16151c4e287b3f5c68bbeadb320457870781adbecfef5dc5bd2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfe362e7e1ac16151c4e287b3f5c68bbeadb320457870781adbecfef5dc5bd2a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Unity, Disunity and Pluralism in Science","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"David A. Edwards, Stephen Wilcox","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss the problems of consensus and unity in science. The natural sciences seem to contrast with many other areas of endeavor in that a high level of consensus seems to exist in them. However, a careful analysis of the structure of particular physical theories,such as those concerned with electrons, shows that there is great heterogeneity of both theory and methodology. We argue that the natural science community tends to be tolerant of diversity. We contrast this tolerance among natural scientists with the more overt disagreement occurring in the social sciences and humanities. Our centr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SORhQqrTuyrkBcej1CC+0yHHKGXXEL+t2A+lwAtzRVT3Owsu/cR8GeXnzOnUPo3DpguCBsLTT6O0oI75Ov4+BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T09:54:15.426985Z"},"content_sha256":"59d6c31ef022e0b74aed0b21c9ee7c9b9cabca5dc410966021e54bbf38cf54e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:59d6c31ef022e0b74aed0b21c9ee7c9b9cabca5dc410966021e54bbf38cf54e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T09:54:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZENQDJIZQI6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35b820595f2cc215198cdbfd5a265eb42a3f0e21c2349d32981b2d1ede77054c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"6151d8f27c3ebe313512d22a832818458a0d9e793a66e3eff55947a32605659e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1110.6545","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1110.6545v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1110.6545","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2GJXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2GJXLV7BZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IB5PVAF2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:59d6c31ef022e0b74aed0b21c9ee7c9b9cabca5dc410966021e54bbf38cf54e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss the problems of consensus and unity in science. The natural sciences seem to contrast with many other areas of endeavor in that a high level of consensus seems to exist in them. However, a careful analysis of the structure of particular physical theories,such as those concerned with electrons, shows that there is great heterogeneity of both theory and methodology. We argue that the natural science community tends to be tolerant of diversity. We contrast this tolerance among natural scientists with the more overt disagreement occurring in the social sciences and humanities. Our centr","authors_text":"David A. Edwards, Stephen Wilcox","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","title":"Unity, Disunity and Pluralism in Science"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bfe362e7e1ac16151c4e287b3f5c68bbeadb320457870781adbecfef5dc5bd2a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35b820595f2cc215198cdbfd5a265eb42a3f0e21c2349d32981b2d1ede77054c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2011-10-29T18:27:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"6151d8f27c3ebe313512d22a832818458a0d9e793a66e3eff55947a32605659e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1110.6545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"407afa80ba326ebafc39236034a330478f8c8df1a1343905a8e57deda5cdd6d7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"407afa80ba326ebafc39236034a330478f8c8df1a1343905a8e57deda5cdd6d7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340253Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JzzES+zUmrOvWolo4hwrvewQDKSI7BYe4tcIVWo/02bs4+XHk7hU+rWfLFugBO9zUR90qfgZOWQAW/jSdMNwBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:09:55.340779Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1110.6545","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bfe362e7e1ac16151c4e287b3f5c68bbeadb320457870781adbecfef5dc5bd2a","sha256:59d6c31ef022e0b74aed0b21c9ee7c9b9cabca5dc410966021e54bbf38cf54e8"],"state_sha256":"0567cc59512500c96b94c9b0f8300abbe41345fd54555938103deaa0b3b25282"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Cb0wxEM8txf0jqFkaIr9yUvzyciYeLB/n0ckavn0lGgjxKnXgzJEJ+7BQMAWISKUabwr7XtC0z94dq5F4o5YBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T09:54:15.428970Z","bundle_sha256":"2e72767d86b42ad42852a8cb91ab11dbad9c7aef7ee53ac8aabc3c08a772b203"}}