{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ICM54QW4G43QTAVVJKMXSOXZCQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ae2a59687691ac52d8050d657ca0c397eb9c5c51c2a7a52ec93f36de72e7a4b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T18:31:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"83d037aa52f62a2417ff1ed720be8e3515be2d30370dde9d919507a11a1eb89b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.06862","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2111.06862","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2111.06862v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2111.06862","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ICM54QW4G43Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ICM54QW4G43QTAVV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ICM54QW4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fb9fca85bd3f1165016180a34f968417d47fcd5d4343a8f2ecd01d6e24db1786","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2111.06862/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"There has been growing interest in using photonic processors for performing neural network inference operations; however, these networks are currently trained using standard digital electronics. Here, we propose on-chip training of neural networks enabled by a CMOS-compatible silicon photonic architecture to harness the potential for massively parallel, efficient, and fast data operations. Our scheme employs the direct feedback alignment training algorithm, which trains neural networks using error feedback rather than error backpropagation, and can operate at speeds of trillions of multiply-ac","authors_text":"Bhavin J. Shastri, Bicky A. Marquez, Hugh D. Morison, Matthew J. Filipovich, Mohammed Al-Qadasi, Paul R. Prucnal, Sudip Shekhar, Volker J. Sorger, Zhimu Guo","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph","physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T18:31:51Z","title":"Silicon Photonic Architecture for Training Deep Neural Networks with Direct Feedback Alignment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2111.06862","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:db9eff18493c4d071f327f16b38eea1932c041cce91d004ab39323cfc53b70f8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ae2a59687691ac52d8050d657ca0c397eb9c5c51c2a7a52ec93f36de72e7a4b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph","physics.optics"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-11-12T18:31:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"83d037aa52f62a2417ff1ed720be8e3515be2d30370dde9d919507a11a1eb89b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2111.06862","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4099de42dc37370982b54a99793af91424d675abcd22e16b7add38de01501970","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4099de42dc37370982b54a99793af91424d675abcd22e16b7add38de01501970","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09.033365Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09.033365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Yo00X3FPikAzOW//BcqKw5hxaFx3rtlUhvgZDcpVeoM5CTxOFoZcZleRJHyD3ITVUjZP9IK+hrJSkdlRb9mhAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:20:09.033856Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2111.06862","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:db9eff18493c4d071f327f16b38eea1932c041cce91d004ab39323cfc53b70f8","sha256:fb9fca85bd3f1165016180a34f968417d47fcd5d4343a8f2ecd01d6e24db1786"],"state_sha256":"4de5b3d1020f397b0c4e01fe730e6542cbce0ac1ebf8bc43239402c5f8fb033a"}