{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ","short_pith_number":"pith:ICM5AW2F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c338fe85ee4a8f20ef885065e73bfd50223342dc49db8049086ac5a12c909440","abstract_canon_sha256":"24285cc47efa2e678f54abab8131efd24383c4e4b212e097ab1185eeec1736a2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4099d05b4517b1459efee6a33cc4328e7922381446d594c9276ad41186446385","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.04663","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.04663","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.04663v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.04663","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ICM5AW2FC6YU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ICM5AW2FC6YULHX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ICM5AW2F","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c338fe85ee4a8f20ef885065e73bfd50223342dc49db8049086ac5a12c909440","abstract_canon_sha256":"24285cc47efa2e678f54abab8131efd24383c4e4b212e097ab1185eeec1736a2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4099d05b4517b1459efee6a33cc4328e7922381446d594c9276ad41186446385","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589941Z","signature_b64":"2muSix3vE0ze0rjB0sumjYNonALAgSRPu4LsadYE45/ETcSWG36+FsUo7k5UEhXOofU+93yNKrCxARAUsXgNAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4099d05b4517b1459efee6a33cc4328e7922381446d594c9276ad41186446385","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589483Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589483Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.04663","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bO2IuIM7f6FN4iqceJCctYLQObcxR+PilyKNp51/tnkbn6te+o+nAJq7AVGD5DU0AarQyKO4Dm9t4r3GWrCIDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:08:44.192520Z"},"content_sha256":"0abc85047e3353912654ca589bfefc1ac19293291274a4eb57f6ea76978ab598","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0abc85047e3353912654ca589bfefc1ac19293291274a4eb57f6ea76978ab598"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"PyPSA-Earth. A New Global Open Energy System Optimization Model Demonstrated in Africa","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Aristides Kiprakis, Davide Fioriti, Davide Poli, Ekaterina Fedorova, Fabian Neumann, Hazem Abdel-Khalek, Johannes Hampp, Leon Schumm, Lukas Franken, Martha Maria Frysztacki, Matin Mahmood, Maximilian Parzen","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Macro-energy system modelling is used by decision-makers to steer the global energy transition toward an affordable, sustainable and reliable future. Closed-source models are the current standard for most policy and industry decisions. However, open models have proven to be competitive alternatives that promote science, robust technical analysis, collaboration and transparent policy decision-making. Yet, two issues slow the adoption: open models are often designed with limited geographic scope, hindering synergies from collaboration, or are based on low spatially resolved data, limiting their "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.04663/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Oi+20niSQWeeXYcZsicqU48CTP9IwxTLP0nwcGDoInCEE/xSc5F5k6eYWb+Yi/phiFuakx/DSOg0ffb5cUxUCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:08:44.193428Z"},"content_sha256":"c30105361408b3a907eeb652aa0b6850b43b71354b8a765346a6eea3dcc88c2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c30105361408b3a907eeb652aa0b6850b43b71354b8a765346a6eea3dcc88c2a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T20:08:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:ICM5AW2FC6YULHX642RTZRBSRZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24285cc47efa2e678f54abab8131efd24383c4e4b212e097ab1185eeec1736a2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"c338fe85ee4a8f20ef885065e73bfd50223342dc49db8049086ac5a12c909440"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.04663","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.04663v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.04663","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ICM5AW2FC6YU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ICM5AW2FC6YULHX6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ICM5AW2F","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c30105361408b3a907eeb652aa0b6850b43b71354b8a765346a6eea3dcc88c2a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.04663/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Macro-energy system modelling is used by decision-makers to steer the global energy transition toward an affordable, sustainable and reliable future. Closed-source models are the current standard for most policy and industry decisions. However, open models have proven to be competitive alternatives that promote science, robust technical analysis, collaboration and transparent policy decision-making. Yet, two issues slow the adoption: open models are often designed with limited geographic scope, hindering synergies from collaboration, or are based on low spatially resolved data, limiting their ","authors_text":"Aristides Kiprakis, Davide Fioriti, Davide Poli, Ekaterina Fedorova, Fabian Neumann, Hazem Abdel-Khalek, Johannes Hampp, Leon Schumm, Lukas Franken, Martha Maria Frysztacki, Matin Mahmood, Maximilian Parzen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","title":"PyPSA-Earth. A New Global Open Energy System Optimization Model Demonstrated in Africa"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0abc85047e3353912654ca589bfefc1ac19293291274a4eb57f6ea76978ab598","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"24285cc47efa2e678f54abab8131efd24383c4e4b212e097ab1185eeec1736a2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2022-09-10T13:14:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"c338fe85ee4a8f20ef885065e73bfd50223342dc49db8049086ac5a12c909440"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.04663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4099d05b4517b1459efee6a33cc4328e7922381446d594c9276ad41186446385","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4099d05b4517b1459efee6a33cc4328e7922381446d594c9276ad41186446385","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589483Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589483Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2muSix3vE0ze0rjB0sumjYNonALAgSRPu4LsadYE45/ETcSWG36+FsUo7k5UEhXOofU+93yNKrCxARAUsXgNAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:29.589941Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.04663","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0abc85047e3353912654ca589bfefc1ac19293291274a4eb57f6ea76978ab598","sha256:c30105361408b3a907eeb652aa0b6850b43b71354b8a765346a6eea3dcc88c2a"],"state_sha256":"91d9992b368b6d1b3ba4cdca7af27b0210567897c77b1a881e72336461536f11"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dfXWehIrJJG0OvwQ9hhKxeZ0//qx5bxcDKZgPFHLwpTbKaApAmLmwl4Vy1NUnnP0f0zvaLpj+BMNpHsoHhPlAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:08:44.200102Z","bundle_sha256":"e29700d473f911d05812b1965a7f53f142929e515b1e8c6556cbde087d815caa"}}