{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ","short_pith_number":"pith:IEDFAGPW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"de1f89fde0ba64c9e2ae38b7786988bc266af132848b4057a53b1d8ce0267b9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"4ddb39ec6692f89ca797481f33bb9b21e5b39446ca8604aee68f940ea69d8a6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41065019f68de7bf7ea2cba446f1dc2e4e202e8c94af1df944a6cc393ce8a7e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2212.13881","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.13881","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.13881v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.13881","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IEDFAGPWRXT3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IEDFAGPWRXT367VC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IEDFAGPW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"de1f89fde0ba64c9e2ae38b7786988bc266af132848b4057a53b1d8ce0267b9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"4ddb39ec6692f89ca797481f33bb9b21e5b39446ca8604aee68f940ea69d8a6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41065019f68de7bf7ea2cba446f1dc2e4e202e8c94af1df944a6cc393ce8a7e4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404772Z","signature_b64":"n8O6wuWPy+g+eBiX56wsb79v1w/h50LIgSlNnuopetrwUxnnrnHCCAwI6aTUvE7FVOhLHlyDEOaztxdIXJZjBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"41065019f68de7bf7ea2cba446f1dc2e4e202e8c94af1df944a6cc393ce8a7e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404344Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2212.13881","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2yi8xR7SXp25Rmaa63FPO9ZCDtzlBjXQ1OuFDyDz9ffFK9mecaH7SLQPoRUK8PzYj8i0qO3i16kC100HrNcqCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:53:24.617922Z"},"content_sha256":"93d5ca9983ff022df258ecc4bc5c7e097be2c21ca5291e1edd9f64ab4512d446","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:93d5ca9983ff022df258ecc4bc5c7e097be2c21ca5291e1edd9f64ab4512d446"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Mechanism of feature learning in deep fully connected networks and kernel machines that recursively learn features","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan, Daniel Beaglehole, Mikhail Belkin, Parthe Pandit","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"In recent years neural networks have achieved impressive results on many technological and scientific tasks. Yet, the mechanism through which these models automatically select features, or patterns in data, for prediction remains unclear. Identifying such a mechanism is key to advancing performance and interpretability of neural networks and promoting reliable adoption of these models in scientific applications. In this paper, we identify and characterize the mechanism through which deep fully connected neural networks learn features. We posit the Deep Neural Feature Ansatz, which states that "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2212.13881/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"alCCAFUjn7/yNYMtx9ntXTRlU2voQ1V6kA93UKccjpEwD0VrRD1wBvEO6DRudz9vWGeyVCZdM8ur1CD9Y0xOCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:53:24.618439Z"},"content_sha256":"9398485369dcbc7d3b0abbb0fe2c527ce718245fe409ed5c394c7444b119dfa6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9398485369dcbc7d3b0abbb0fe2c527ce718245fe409ed5c394c7444b119dfa6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T21:53:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IEDFAGPWRXT367VCZOSEN4O4FZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4ddb39ec6692f89ca797481f33bb9b21e5b39446ca8604aee68f940ea69d8a6c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"de1f89fde0ba64c9e2ae38b7786988bc266af132848b4057a53b1d8ce0267b9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.13881","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.13881v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.13881","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IEDFAGPWRXT3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IEDFAGPWRXT367VC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IEDFAGPW","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9398485369dcbc7d3b0abbb0fe2c527ce718245fe409ed5c394c7444b119dfa6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.13881/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In recent years neural networks have achieved impressive results on many technological and scientific tasks. Yet, the mechanism through which these models automatically select features, or patterns in data, for prediction remains unclear. Identifying such a mechanism is key to advancing performance and interpretability of neural networks and promoting reliable adoption of these models in scientific applications. In this paper, we identify and characterize the mechanism through which deep fully connected neural networks learn features. We posit the Deep Neural Feature Ansatz, which states that ","authors_text":"Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan, Daniel Beaglehole, Mikhail Belkin, Parthe Pandit","cross_cats":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","title":"Mechanism of feature learning in deep fully connected networks and kernel machines that recursively learn features"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:93d5ca9983ff022df258ecc4bc5c7e097be2c21ca5291e1edd9f64ab4512d446","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4ddb39ec6692f89ca797481f33bb9b21e5b39446ca8604aee68f940ea69d8a6c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-12-28T15:50:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"de1f89fde0ba64c9e2ae38b7786988bc266af132848b4057a53b1d8ce0267b9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.13881","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"41065019f68de7bf7ea2cba446f1dc2e4e202e8c94af1df944a6cc393ce8a7e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"41065019f68de7bf7ea2cba446f1dc2e4e202e8c94af1df944a6cc393ce8a7e4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404344Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n8O6wuWPy+g+eBiX56wsb79v1w/h50LIgSlNnuopetrwUxnnrnHCCAwI6aTUvE7FVOhLHlyDEOaztxdIXJZjBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:08:53.404772Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.13881","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:93d5ca9983ff022df258ecc4bc5c7e097be2c21ca5291e1edd9f64ab4512d446","sha256:9398485369dcbc7d3b0abbb0fe2c527ce718245fe409ed5c394c7444b119dfa6"],"state_sha256":"8727c725716a14422b2199ebf87f65f20fa5a58243a9985361c1977c8f32e285"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"j/PVFm6/LkG5QO6py8yn37E4if9bRlS1u5wObB2KYpKznZtDuJ1xJquElpXAtV0lWLdtHtQ/h2H1pnT+BvowBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T21:53:24.623417Z","bundle_sha256":"d51eda147ba96aff1b1071d76626dcfc9afede7c9d335c0bdefb71e7e57d1625"}}