{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G","short_pith_number":"pith:IF5TG6UY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ecf32d080a5eb8ddd6d5deb2e53d314d1bdc340489c4a67a375d8ab0bd4ff40c","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f5534a7c8009ae454a3df46982b427c0a3ecea14884e7b2fd985a7d5a680326"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"417b337a981da0c05332922299f9b2d99cb3b2a000c95bc011fda5466726f1e9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9611174","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9611174","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9611174v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9611174","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IF5TG6UYDWQM","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZS","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IF5TG6UY","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ecf32d080a5eb8ddd6d5deb2e53d314d1bdc340489c4a67a375d8ab0bd4ff40c","abstract_canon_sha256":"0f5534a7c8009ae454a3df46982b427c0a3ecea14884e7b2fd985a7d5a680326"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"417b337a981da0c05332922299f9b2d99cb3b2a000c95bc011fda5466726f1e9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670613Z","signature_b64":"mgngM0+lIf9H7vmetUrvp6iOl/EjyS455COvTWoL1171YJFs+c1p+mXXLjQ6hC6BteBOKbAd85pOzz0GfNxtCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"417b337a981da0c05332922299f9b2d99cb3b2a000c95bc011fda5466726f1e9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670113Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670113Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9611174","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+EVVDMeo1B2Evyx6y7lm5oz0/EG5zWOmQ58eqEFqjSSlNz6FXiYWC/7nm/OmQEReRFWlPZTGziREaaW0cuSLCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:20:14.823784Z"},"content_sha256":"fc60b5909069071eebd026a9c391352db7b7139ad923464d0a5b47d7e2535994","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc60b5909069071eebd026a9c391352db7b7139ad923464d0a5b47d7e2535994"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How to measure CMB power spectra without losing information","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Max Tegmark","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"A new method for estimating the angular power spectrum C_l from cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps is presented, which has the following desirable properties:\n  (1) It is unbeatable in the sense that no other method can measure C_l with smaller error bars.\n  (2) It is quadratic, which makes the statistical properties of the measurements easy to compute and use for estimation of cosmological parameters.\n  (3) It is computationally faster than rival high-precision methods such as the nonlinear maximum-likelihood technique, with the crucial steps scaling as n^2 rather than n^3, where n is the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9611174/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zFw3X+PlFeesGXUuzLOPDHc4fTFXI10W/sLY1s035hgaHdqKWuSVVRDUZ+niFd5b/ccJbKC3mXcS29wdo1h9Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:20:14.824176Z"},"content_sha256":"204370a401bc59a8aad1a531d89e41823663baa11392c90f498386e159ce9cd3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:204370a401bc59a8aad1a531d89e41823663baa11392c90f498386e159ce9cd3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T02:20:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZSSIRJT6NS3G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f5534a7c8009ae454a3df46982b427c0a3ecea14884e7b2fd985a7d5a680326","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecf32d080a5eb8ddd6d5deb2e53d314d1bdc340489c4a67a375d8ab0bd4ff40c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9611174","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9611174v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9611174","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IF5TG6UYDWQM","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IF5TG6UYDWQMAUZS","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IF5TG6UY","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:204370a401bc59a8aad1a531d89e41823663baa11392c90f498386e159ce9cd3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/9611174/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A new method for estimating the angular power spectrum C_l from cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps is presented, which has the following desirable properties:\n  (1) It is unbeatable in the sense that no other method can measure C_l with smaller error bars.\n  (2) It is quadratic, which makes the statistical properties of the measurements easy to compute and use for estimation of cosmological parameters.\n  (3) It is computationally faster than rival high-precision methods such as the nonlinear maximum-likelihood technique, with the crucial steps scaling as n^2 rather than n^3, where n is the","authors_text":"Max Tegmark","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","title":"How to measure CMB power spectra without losing information"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fc60b5909069071eebd026a9c391352db7b7139ad923464d0a5b47d7e2535994","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0f5534a7c8009ae454a3df46982b427c0a3ecea14884e7b2fd985a7d5a680326","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-11-21T13:35:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"ecf32d080a5eb8ddd6d5deb2e53d314d1bdc340489c4a67a375d8ab0bd4ff40c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9611174","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"417b337a981da0c05332922299f9b2d99cb3b2a000c95bc011fda5466726f1e9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"417b337a981da0c05332922299f9b2d99cb3b2a000c95bc011fda5466726f1e9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670113Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670113Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mgngM0+lIf9H7vmetUrvp6iOl/EjyS455COvTWoL1171YJFs+c1p+mXXLjQ6hC6BteBOKbAd85pOzz0GfNxtCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:53:45.670613Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9611174","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fc60b5909069071eebd026a9c391352db7b7139ad923464d0a5b47d7e2535994","sha256:204370a401bc59a8aad1a531d89e41823663baa11392c90f498386e159ce9cd3"],"state_sha256":"d9aff2bd7741612adcec5f505d3518654d149eee5b04de0a5ef04176d2a2aa30"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4br2dJ02wf2/U+WU/ag42lgZ9YGXFTfLuSSBZ10cA8jbQyPXtwtZEfVE5E8iWVh507EURYkWbESQ/l66DTBEAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:20:14.827077Z","bundle_sha256":"da0f2cb725d6cf5d339bae72069d7b49ff09bff4ec4d8d510ebb8fcefb72a68a"}}