{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ","short_pith_number":"pith:IGKFCU6N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"213ffbc465311a9344a0c862ac985554ce5bca3001bbb6d7ca042c36c2b6b1f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"869de19e56c1f750d883a16ff993f08bad3e7d2536277f013d79e73616723d30"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41945153cdeacc1bcffb21eaad705a2a5047030bd62aa5acf35ab83e413eb5ff","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.06043","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06043","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06043v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06043","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N5LGB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"title_canon_sha256":"213ffbc465311a9344a0c862ac985554ce5bca3001bbb6d7ca042c36c2b6b1f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"869de19e56c1f750d883a16ff993f08bad3e7d2536277f013d79e73616723d30"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41945153cdeacc1bcffb21eaad705a2a5047030bd62aa5acf35ab83e413eb5ff","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416694Z","signature_b64":"MM323PBZPvs7D52J905yKhuzfZXTI9m4AdGfKk3c77InqjemyKd/vYR9bXeUG+pKgJKRdOtQUyGN7AaOGl6EDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"41945153cdeacc1bcffb21eaad705a2a5047030bd62aa5acf35ab83e413eb5ff","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416128Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416128Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.06043","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QG1OoN6jNvvNoUePr9afNzVCyzfEf5lQ838b1QGuT0XTr1K1mpMWhZmbCTyGg9/nw0TiZ6057NvaYo9kPvY5Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T00:07:35.537026Z"},"content_sha256":"f8012beea2768eb2be2f20dbe957a46702543e0e7e3cf33251217535ce8ca681","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f8012beea2768eb2be2f20dbe957a46702543e0e7e3cf33251217535ce8ca681"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Observing Merger Trees in a New Light","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Aaron S. G. Robotham, Chris Power, Pascal J. Elahi, Rhys J. J. Poulton","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Merger trees harvested from cosmological $N$-body simulations encode the assembly histories of dark matter halos over cosmic time, and are a fundamental component of semi-analytical models (SAMs) of galaxy formation. The ability to compare the tools used to construct merger trees, namely halo finders and tree building algorithms, in an unbiased and systematic manner is critical to assess the quality of merger trees. In this paper, we present the dendogram, a novel method to visualise merger trees, which provides a comprehensive characterisation of a halo's assembly history - tracking subhalo o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qUyczWoKAReUNYhiht0ehjnpCiazMSGKN+yJJjuo901+NKO9xvEijGZuhF3O1tvpkVlvIq3Wb0jZw95HUgFaDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T00:07:35.537758Z"},"content_sha256":"b7a8ef5548b3ec780642007787b4d26908527f0ea13d2e5927655d6ca0434676","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7a8ef5548b3ec780642007787b4d26908527f0ea13d2e5927655d6ca0434676"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T00:07:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73EHVK24C2FJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"869de19e56c1f750d883a16ff993f08bad3e7d2536277f013d79e73616723d30","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"213ffbc465311a9344a0c862ac985554ce5bca3001bbb6d7ca042c36c2b6b1f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.06043","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.06043v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.06043","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N5LGB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N5LGBXT73","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGKFCU6N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7a8ef5548b3ec780642007787b4d26908527f0ea13d2e5927655d6ca0434676","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Merger trees harvested from cosmological $N$-body simulations encode the assembly histories of dark matter halos over cosmic time, and are a fundamental component of semi-analytical models (SAMs) of galaxy formation. The ability to compare the tools used to construct merger trees, namely halo finders and tree building algorithms, in an unbiased and systematic manner is critical to assess the quality of merger trees. In this paper, we present the dendogram, a novel method to visualise merger trees, which provides a comprehensive characterisation of a halo's assembly history - tracking subhalo o","authors_text":"Aaron S. G. Robotham, Chris Power, Pascal J. Elahi, Rhys J. J. Poulton","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","title":"Observing Merger Trees in a New Light"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f8012beea2768eb2be2f20dbe957a46702543e0e7e3cf33251217535ce8ca681","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"869de19e56c1f750d883a16ff993f08bad3e7d2536277f013d79e73616723d30","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-17T06:53:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"213ffbc465311a9344a0c862ac985554ce5bca3001bbb6d7ca042c36c2b6b1f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.06043","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"41945153cdeacc1bcffb21eaad705a2a5047030bd62aa5acf35ab83e413eb5ff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"41945153cdeacc1bcffb21eaad705a2a5047030bd62aa5acf35ab83e413eb5ff","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416128Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416128Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MM323PBZPvs7D52J905yKhuzfZXTI9m4AdGfKk3c77InqjemyKd/vYR9bXeUG+pKgJKRdOtQUyGN7AaOGl6EDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:12.416694Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.06043","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f8012beea2768eb2be2f20dbe957a46702543e0e7e3cf33251217535ce8ca681","sha256:b7a8ef5548b3ec780642007787b4d26908527f0ea13d2e5927655d6ca0434676"],"state_sha256":"af96da190742484772257e2b27e1806f0624649e6be6f6b29dab3d02f91d6137"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mxlw/DK81NoEoo6wl9NYaTSfJ29Ne5Awq4ecGXjmlgCBFa99kXU/D4ZED2azdRGoz/vp8EoGbAk+JZ6J3yJGCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T00:07:35.541448Z","bundle_sha256":"515c05ed825b9d53acb28ae2c5b1c1c5d3bd0122a735181f0c8162ba0dabb073"}}