{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675","short_pith_number":"pith:IGOTZRME","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"21d7c2ae3d6be6a928cc9a7674aa793ba33d5edc0cd86f482a0e042d47875638","abstract_canon_sha256":"9020b8c22dfc8fdfee2b069131ea85a3347ab78162cc15974ca79081d24f1c00"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"419d3cc584b1954bfe41f8d1f0825eff7c8934e3d678fcf1779b3ae424726750","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.09645","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.09645","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.09645v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.09645","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGOTZRMEWGKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGOTZRME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"21d7c2ae3d6be6a928cc9a7674aa793ba33d5edc0cd86f482a0e042d47875638","abstract_canon_sha256":"9020b8c22dfc8fdfee2b069131ea85a3347ab78162cc15974ca79081d24f1c00"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"419d3cc584b1954bfe41f8d1f0825eff7c8934e3d678fcf1779b3ae424726750","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.395546Z","signature_b64":"iSiNA63Y4QqRhhhOd3OHb6EZqZwKetikLtPj0diuahT46fTeO4Ap+WvqhMSfYbCxIraQXpFFTv2xQ3PrA2feAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"419d3cc584b1954bfe41f8d1f0825eff7c8934e3d678fcf1779b3ae424726750","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.394853Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.394853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.09645","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SoxkJHAW/utpFY9S6JPxrpzxGOZYIVxQw+eoV/taj9bSCLcw0lCKj79WOVmZQnFF/G4AeuiIttmQs9k1OvRoDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:27:41.159818Z"},"content_sha256":"41f69ce33769095182b8b796dabd4955aaeea38eb3034bc83279122f958c236d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:41f69ce33769095182b8b796dabd4955aaeea38eb3034bc83279122f958c236d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Luis A. Anchordoqui","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this report we review the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the experimental data on ultra-high-energy ($E \\gtrsim 10^9$ GeV) cosmic rays. We begin with a general survey of the available data, including a description of the energy spectrum, the nuclear composition, and the distribution of arrival directions. At this point we also give a synopsis of experimental techniques. After that, we introduce the fundamentals of cosmic ray acceleration and energy loss during propagation, with a view of discussing the conjectured nearby sources. Next, we survey the state of t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z7vcMBdlMUNpEgMgSZIOnUKFAS4qwycl9maRenPNHqzIgqcwz2rceXxH6Jzem9AmyJdCLsd/OT2w5MslpWxtDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:27:41.160449Z"},"content_sha256":"3fb33de47e56641d05a0b2d0cb45736a25f8d81bba6c05d571bace97426b68e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3fb33de47e56641d05a0b2d0cb45736a25f8d81bba6c05d571bace97426b68e7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T17:27:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB7DI7BAS675","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9020b8c22dfc8fdfee2b069131ea85a3347ab78162cc15974ca79081d24f1c00","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"21d7c2ae3d6be6a928cc9a7674aa793ba33d5edc0cd86f482a0e042d47875638"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.09645","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.09645v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.09645","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IGOTZRMEWGKU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IGOTZRMEWGKUX7SB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IGOTZRME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3fb33de47e56641d05a0b2d0cb45736a25f8d81bba6c05d571bace97426b68e7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this report we review the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the experimental data on ultra-high-energy ($E \\gtrsim 10^9$ GeV) cosmic rays. We begin with a general survey of the available data, including a description of the energy spectrum, the nuclear composition, and the distribution of arrival directions. At this point we also give a synopsis of experimental techniques. After that, we introduce the fundamentals of cosmic ray acceleration and energy loss during propagation, with a view of discussing the conjectured nearby sources. Next, we survey the state of t","authors_text":"Luis A. Anchordoqui","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","title":"Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:41f69ce33769095182b8b796dabd4955aaeea38eb3034bc83279122f958c236d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9020b8c22dfc8fdfee2b069131ea85a3347ab78162cc15974ca79081d24f1c00","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T14:55:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"21d7c2ae3d6be6a928cc9a7674aa793ba33d5edc0cd86f482a0e042d47875638"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.09645","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"419d3cc584b1954bfe41f8d1f0825eff7c8934e3d678fcf1779b3ae424726750","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"419d3cc584b1954bfe41f8d1f0825eff7c8934e3d678fcf1779b3ae424726750","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.394853Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.394853Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iSiNA63Y4QqRhhhOd3OHb6EZqZwKetikLtPj0diuahT46fTeO4Ap+WvqhMSfYbCxIraQXpFFTv2xQ3PrA2feAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:37.395546Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.09645","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:41f69ce33769095182b8b796dabd4955aaeea38eb3034bc83279122f958c236d","sha256:3fb33de47e56641d05a0b2d0cb45736a25f8d81bba6c05d571bace97426b68e7"],"state_sha256":"8aaaf320d2ee4de8c6d5bb512fb0c94250cf01b0f5555d386d4134d0fdf92224"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B+OM29k+26bEaaxDylDVNt8Cd7RSIU4V4rRi/t6M29tjPDaAYkm6YJhq8yh9l82/6kGoc4DC100E2QJOnh48BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:27:41.163851Z","bundle_sha256":"e8f6f3235126a0e69c9d9225320953d977d6fc0e54bc2f81a805077ac25a78a5"}}