{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY","short_pith_number":"pith:IHWICRQN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"04019e91050893bfa4cac58154dba7e32e243a609f1fb321e6c769bd2dc6da60","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e486fb11762774946db5d13a4c7a97db5403594e4fc3a447ea4808d3881cf1f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41ec81460d40d80562588ce52b4a768e12487461a528522a7e07c7de9071a6f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.09117","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.09117","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.09117v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.09117","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IHWICRQNIDMA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IHWICRQNIDMAKYSY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IHWICRQN","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"04019e91050893bfa4cac58154dba7e32e243a609f1fb321e6c769bd2dc6da60","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e486fb11762774946db5d13a4c7a97db5403594e4fc3a447ea4808d3881cf1f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"41ec81460d40d80562588ce52b4a768e12487461a528522a7e07c7de9071a6f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.575476Z","signature_b64":"TSiH834SbXljk8k/pfTIG4Q2XYwgPjZF0NefOVy/xlQn6k27Gx1xloXqglKp7n46R2ERV0ePB8ySw9ETGDsLBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"41ec81460d40d80562588ce52b4a768e12487461a528522a7e07c7de9071a6f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.574981Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.574981Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.09117","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s/IXKhoY5kVnxvs4XqLniPzuMdFZg5czmqSgxy7sanI4f7SrAJoKtTJ9q6bDMcJ0Z3y+fPqTe3jaBzQuWpAKAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T04:24:47.342692Z"},"content_sha256":"c19f992b60752331b28c531062e8cc57b9a97b764b28402cd51531a05f568022","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c19f992b60752331b28c531062e8cc57b9a97b764b28402cd51531a05f568022"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Contrastive Decoding Improves Reasoning in Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Mike Lewis, Sean O'Brien","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that Contrastive Decoding -- a simple, computationally light, and training-free text generation method proposed by Li et al 2022 -- achieves large out-of-the-box improvements over greedy decoding on a variety of reasoning tasks. Originally shown to improve the perceived quality of long-form text generation, Contrastive Decoding searches for strings that maximize a weighted difference in likelihood between strong and weak models. We show that Contrastive Decoding leads LLaMA-65B to outperform LLaMA 2, GPT-3.5 and PaLM 2-L on the HellaSwag commonsense reasoning benchmark, and to o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.09117/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AIiEivq+eIAY24jkKnSzX6KPSM0O0m5bwHPvJbDB++m1shrGPpwOCfeKr53aXOS6vQnx42BXOyCRmMiWw9YyAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T04:24:47.343160Z"},"content_sha256":"0ab688c32c36ad318679aaaaa66161f1f6cbb66b0bac8d161b861817e4380634","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ab688c32c36ad318679aaaaa66161f1f6cbb66b0bac8d161b861817e4380634"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T04:24:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:IHWICRQNIDMAKYSYRTSSWSTWRY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e486fb11762774946db5d13a4c7a97db5403594e4fc3a447ea4808d3881cf1f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"04019e91050893bfa4cac58154dba7e32e243a609f1fb321e6c769bd2dc6da60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.09117","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.09117v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.09117","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IHWICRQNIDMA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IHWICRQNIDMAKYSY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IHWICRQN","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ab688c32c36ad318679aaaaa66161f1f6cbb66b0bac8d161b861817e4380634","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.09117/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that Contrastive Decoding -- a simple, computationally light, and training-free text generation method proposed by Li et al 2022 -- achieves large out-of-the-box improvements over greedy decoding on a variety of reasoning tasks. Originally shown to improve the perceived quality of long-form text generation, Contrastive Decoding searches for strings that maximize a weighted difference in likelihood between strong and weak models. We show that Contrastive Decoding leads LLaMA-65B to outperform LLaMA 2, GPT-3.5 and PaLM 2-L on the HellaSwag commonsense reasoning benchmark, and to o","authors_text":"Mike Lewis, Sean O'Brien","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","title":"Contrastive Decoding Improves Reasoning in Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c19f992b60752331b28c531062e8cc57b9a97b764b28402cd51531a05f568022","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e486fb11762774946db5d13a4c7a97db5403594e4fc3a447ea4808d3881cf1f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T00:29:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"04019e91050893bfa4cac58154dba7e32e243a609f1fb321e6c769bd2dc6da60"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.09117","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"41ec81460d40d80562588ce52b4a768e12487461a528522a7e07c7de9071a6f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"41ec81460d40d80562588ce52b4a768e12487461a528522a7e07c7de9071a6f4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.574981Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.574981Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TSiH834SbXljk8k/pfTIG4Q2XYwgPjZF0NefOVy/xlQn6k27Gx1xloXqglKp7n46R2ERV0ePB8ySw9ETGDsLBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:55:40.575476Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.09117","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c19f992b60752331b28c531062e8cc57b9a97b764b28402cd51531a05f568022","sha256:0ab688c32c36ad318679aaaaa66161f1f6cbb66b0bac8d161b861817e4380634"],"state_sha256":"aef99cb91c2738cefdbf9afb8ab565b3049a88b2708a59a9889ce04dbcbab058"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DVaBwCUGuC5A6SuKw+rcBxyvjfG42wS5GJkEJoYmaUxY6IEyUFRAQX8mX0FeGNvIVAMLIErIz4hfb9xYcRtbAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T04:24:47.346596Z","bundle_sha256":"48dec30a11c4cf7fa4a194dd9a77ddd35e97161f03c95d1e537340efe01caf1c"}}