{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB","short_pith_number":"pith:IIKFBT47","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"159b5ec76f7de8c6b6fdc46942eda67d941c37c5a747b97f664638cc85bc7258","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2d8b09fc3cfd1b9a96e90a6654281e3183851fa4409f1372d6aeebfd796fe8f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"421450cf9ffac8083f6c57a58d555c4062aa24f1a0ba27d437d601a2aa8b49f2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1508.02377","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.02377","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.02377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.02377","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IIKFBT477LEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IIKFBT477LEAQP3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IIKFBT47","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"159b5ec76f7de8c6b6fdc46942eda67d941c37c5a747b97f664638cc85bc7258","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2d8b09fc3cfd1b9a96e90a6654281e3183851fa4409f1372d6aeebfd796fe8f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"421450cf9ffac8083f6c57a58d555c4062aa24f1a0ba27d437d601a2aa8b49f2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.858349Z","signature_b64":"DlG3t5EIUiiRpbU8O0jKKOsy2cqRno1wgh6ZxtfHrMgHLOhfB0FNp+765zn8yJm/OYvzczdn/s2cWQajlcPhDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"421450cf9ffac8083f6c57a58d555c4062aa24f1a0ba27d437d601a2aa8b49f2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.857735Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.857735Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1508.02377","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sNe2g6DMofZKKuYmQg7NYhKLpNl+tR5KB7Hbjh7DonWGV3m/TStgfrXUEIJgwsT9iJdX0W0grmAtUake7rBEDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:16:20.009800Z"},"content_sha256":"0c4e6b0c0650fd1d90596210510564db90ebe14797b89cd31e54d1fa521dee29","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0c4e6b0c0650fd1d90596210510564db90ebe14797b89cd31e54d1fa521dee29"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Justification of the complex Langevin method with the gauge cooling procedure","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-lat","authors_text":"Jun Nishimura, Keitaro Nagata, Shinji Shimasaki","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recently there has been remarkable progress in the complex Langevin method, which aims at solving the complex action problem by complexifying the dynamical variables in the original path integral. In particular, a new technique called the gauge cooling was introduced and the full QCD simulation at finite density has been made possible in the high temperature (deconfined) phase or with heavy quarks. Here we provide a rigorous justification of the complex Langevin method including the gauge cooling procedure. We first show that the gauge cooling can be formulated as an extra term in the complex "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qprGDsyvrvq6BnNJlOCuVvykKh1m4AizDxsBqGi+qpKKhmgWfIOSYUrgCWMievYJt/h8giCY+YKI7qAutk7WBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:16:20.010148Z"},"content_sha256":"8ec0230ead9ae362663690b6cb80e0d006f17af97265d695c26ff0acb67091c7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ec0230ead9ae362663690b6cb80e0d006f17af97265d695c26ff0acb67091c7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T02:16:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IIKFBT477LEAQP3MK6SY2VK4IB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2d8b09fc3cfd1b9a96e90a6654281e3183851fa4409f1372d6aeebfd796fe8f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"159b5ec76f7de8c6b6fdc46942eda67d941c37c5a747b97f664638cc85bc7258"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1508.02377","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1508.02377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1508.02377","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IIKFBT477LEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IIKFBT477LEAQP3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IIKFBT47","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8ec0230ead9ae362663690b6cb80e0d006f17af97265d695c26ff0acb67091c7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recently there has been remarkable progress in the complex Langevin method, which aims at solving the complex action problem by complexifying the dynamical variables in the original path integral. In particular, a new technique called the gauge cooling was introduced and the full QCD simulation at finite density has been made possible in the high temperature (deconfined) phase or with heavy quarks. Here we provide a rigorous justification of the complex Langevin method including the gauge cooling procedure. We first show that the gauge cooling can be formulated as an extra term in the complex ","authors_text":"Jun Nishimura, Keitaro Nagata, Shinji Shimasaki","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","title":"Justification of the complex Langevin method with the gauge cooling procedure"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0c4e6b0c0650fd1d90596210510564db90ebe14797b89cd31e54d1fa521dee29","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2d8b09fc3cfd1b9a96e90a6654281e3183851fa4409f1372d6aeebfd796fe8f","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2015-08-10T19:52:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"159b5ec76f7de8c6b6fdc46942eda67d941c37c5a747b97f664638cc85bc7258"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1508.02377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"421450cf9ffac8083f6c57a58d555c4062aa24f1a0ba27d437d601a2aa8b49f2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"421450cf9ffac8083f6c57a58d555c4062aa24f1a0ba27d437d601a2aa8b49f2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.857735Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.857735Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DlG3t5EIUiiRpbU8O0jKKOsy2cqRno1wgh6ZxtfHrMgHLOhfB0FNp+765zn8yJm/OYvzczdn/s2cWQajlcPhDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:23:39.858349Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1508.02377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0c4e6b0c0650fd1d90596210510564db90ebe14797b89cd31e54d1fa521dee29","sha256:8ec0230ead9ae362663690b6cb80e0d006f17af97265d695c26ff0acb67091c7"],"state_sha256":"068690d154189380afeb3e68ec10252e5fe8e517a38b2f89d9217ce3936e6c87"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kgisLc2z2jVzIkWuQ5UP24/xSmtyInQ8ULUOAGUaLHAjJv3eqi5qEttf7++1OKnhkc0ai0U7VA9+uxwgjFrODw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:16:20.012195Z","bundle_sha256":"05a84552c5a448c74ce3a6765e5be5a2c5b83a5d98a2682ca9ad67b7832a55da"}}