{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE","short_pith_number":"pith:IK35AKOK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c15510aff4d5f8f9944d2a41f96b89b99c002656f61211b6ccdec6f7adb381af","abstract_canon_sha256":"680e197e3a97343116db7b58ed3d7652bfc1e1fa4d6ec7ebae902781bd34a441"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"42b7d029ca8579716c36f8b8911ad31922a993dab12cfd7231acbecee4d3d1c8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2503.16600","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.16600","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.16600v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.16600","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IK35AKOKQV4X","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IK35AKOK","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c15510aff4d5f8f9944d2a41f96b89b99c002656f61211b6ccdec6f7adb381af","abstract_canon_sha256":"680e197e3a97343116db7b58ed3d7652bfc1e1fa4d6ec7ebae902781bd34a441"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"42b7d029ca8579716c36f8b8911ad31922a993dab12cfd7231acbecee4d3d1c8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553572Z","signature_b64":"+Zc0Yt2S0lszftEIeWHliwxwNBJH0HZ9FXssQLUdoI5vXe4jP80QMKm1itLcm7ko8M2hlbgQMO5K24vDmTBFDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"42b7d029ca8579716c36f8b8911ad31922a993dab12cfd7231acbecee4d3d1c8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553073Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2503.16600","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/NFjo8Hs9ONloltGp8hLZpSORdfBAot9stMYiF1DR0XoT4tGzaae++IHL+G+syqJA+yo9ybuwn74JBYDKjZoAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:22:04.775430Z"},"content_sha256":"a9fbec2cfc86971d4fa5ae323887cdf416cd3da7022448573cfa6105123721c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9fbec2cfc86971d4fa5ae323887cdf416cd3da7022448573cfa6105123721c5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A remarkable Ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a Little Red Dot at $z=3.5$","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Andrea Weibel, Andy D. Goulding, Anna de Graaff, Bingjie Wang, Christina C. Williams, David J. Setton, Erica Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, Hans-Walter Rix, Harley Katz, Ian McConachie, Irene Shivaei, Ivo Labbe, Jenny E. Greene, Joel Leja, Jorryt Matthee, Josephine Baggen, Katherine E. Whitaker, Leindert A. Boogaard, Michaela Hirschmann, Michael V. Maseda, Pascal A. Oesch, Pieter van Dokkum, Pratika Dayal, Rachel Bezanson, Raphael E. Hviding, Rohan P. Naidu, Tim B. Miller","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"The origin of the rest-optical emission of compact, red, high-redshift sources known as `little red dots' (LRDs) poses a major puzzle. If interpreted as starlight, it would imply that LRDs would constitute the densest stellar systems in the Universe. However, alternative models suggest active galactic nuclei (AGN) may instead power the rest-optical continuum. Here, we present JWST/NIRSpec, NIRCam and MIRI observations from the RUBIES and PRIMER programs of The Cliff: a bright LRD at $z=3.55$ with an exceptional Balmer break, twice as strong as that of any high-redshift source previously observ"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2503.16600/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ruyz7DWAMGfWjCoMkBGhkqsD+DBudLLIDIauEl1bpHMd5SI5wc2aMC0r6ep/zJkBHvhtdPj939TdgTyZHvmyDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:22:04.776248Z"},"content_sha256":"ac9ea25c552c16567746893c5476f822803a76f778353c6eb8bf6f59d0aec98a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac9ea25c552c16567746893c5476f822803a76f778353c6eb8bf6f59d0aec98a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T19:22:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW7C4JCGWTDE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"680e197e3a97343116db7b58ed3d7652bfc1e1fa4d6ec7ebae902781bd34a441","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c15510aff4d5f8f9944d2a41f96b89b99c002656f61211b6ccdec6f7adb381af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2503.16600","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2503.16600v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2503.16600","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IK35AKOKQV4X","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IK35AKOKQV4XC3BW","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IK35AKOK","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ac9ea25c552c16567746893c5476f822803a76f778353c6eb8bf6f59d0aec98a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2503.16600/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The origin of the rest-optical emission of compact, red, high-redshift sources known as `little red dots' (LRDs) poses a major puzzle. If interpreted as starlight, it would imply that LRDs would constitute the densest stellar systems in the Universe. However, alternative models suggest active galactic nuclei (AGN) may instead power the rest-optical continuum. Here, we present JWST/NIRSpec, NIRCam and MIRI observations from the RUBIES and PRIMER programs of The Cliff: a bright LRD at $z=3.55$ with an exceptional Balmer break, twice as strong as that of any high-redshift source previously observ","authors_text":"Andrea Weibel, Andy D. Goulding, Anna de Graaff, Bingjie Wang, Christina C. Williams, David J. Setton, Erica Nelson, Gabriel Brammer, Hans-Walter Rix, Harley Katz, Ian McConachie, Irene Shivaei, Ivo Labbe, Jenny E. Greene, Joel Leja, Jorryt Matthee, Josephine Baggen, Katherine E. Whitaker, Leindert A. Boogaard, Michaela Hirschmann, Michael V. Maseda, Pascal A. Oesch, Pieter van Dokkum, Pratika Dayal, Rachel Bezanson, Raphael E. Hviding, Rohan P. Naidu, Tim B. Miller","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","title":"A remarkable Ruby: Absorption in dense gas, rather than evolved stars, drives the extreme Balmer break of a Little Red Dot at $z=3.5$"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a9fbec2cfc86971d4fa5ae323887cdf416cd3da7022448573cfa6105123721c5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"680e197e3a97343116db7b58ed3d7652bfc1e1fa4d6ec7ebae902781bd34a441","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-03-20T18:00:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"c15510aff4d5f8f9944d2a41f96b89b99c002656f61211b6ccdec6f7adb381af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2503.16600","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"42b7d029ca8579716c36f8b8911ad31922a993dab12cfd7231acbecee4d3d1c8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"42b7d029ca8579716c36f8b8911ad31922a993dab12cfd7231acbecee4d3d1c8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553073Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553073Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+Zc0Yt2S0lszftEIeWHliwxwNBJH0HZ9FXssQLUdoI5vXe4jP80QMKm1itLcm7ko8M2hlbgQMO5K24vDmTBFDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:07:37.553572Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2503.16600","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a9fbec2cfc86971d4fa5ae323887cdf416cd3da7022448573cfa6105123721c5","sha256:ac9ea25c552c16567746893c5476f822803a76f778353c6eb8bf6f59d0aec98a"],"state_sha256":"a05f933e106e2683cfca66b67dce21b9065307d6a809c30b76c121bc5bcc316f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"flVvHV64Gw5NXtF7JXxnFrVNNUg5GAmE2QsanJ7a9C0nMw3ukA865sP86xtHxWIWbyXgqbKVlPcEETFyy6LTAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T19:22:04.790667Z","bundle_sha256":"16d862951e5895b8be9aeed2081d074800387321834ab3830d6ee3097fccc7e9"}}