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Celebrating her semiquincentennial year, we outline Germain's recently unearthed number theory results on Fermat's Last Theorem, in the context of her life, work, and interactions with Lagrange, Legendre, and Gauss. For two centuries her accomplishment on Fermat's Last Theorem was thought to consist of a single theorem attributed to her in a publication by Legendre, the first general result towards proving Fermat's Last Theorem. 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Celebrating her semiquincentennial year, we outline Germain's recently unearthed number theory results on Fermat's Last Theorem, in the context of her life, work, and interactions with Lagrange, Legendre, and Gauss. For two centuries her accomplishment on Fermat's Last Theorem was thought to consist of a single theorem attributed to her in a publication by Legendre, the first general result towards proving Fermat's Last Theorem. But rec"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"she had a grand plan for proving Fermat's Last Theorem in its entirety, and carried this plan a long way, using then new tools, e.g., congruence, modular primitive roots, and permutations.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The handwritten manuscripts and correspondence accurately reflect Germain's own original ideas and plans without later misattribution or alteration.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Sophie Germain had a grand plan and advanced far on proving Fermat's Last Theorem with congruences, primitive roots, and permutations, as shown in her recently examined manuscripts.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Sophie Germain developed a grand plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in full using new number theory tools.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"174477e5d2e292d319c2716d7f264af72f3df483117ce9a949b00d9a1a03591e"},"source":{"id":"2605.15046","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"4027a565-3d53-4d3a-8a31-3f77e8cda65b","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T02:14:56.507937Z","strongest_claim":"she had a grand plan for proving Fermat's Last Theorem in its entirety, and carried this plan a long way, using then new tools, e.g., congruence, modular primitive roots, and permutations.","one_line_summary":"Sophie Germain had a grand plan and advanced far on proving Fermat's Last Theorem with congruences, primitive roots, and permutations, as shown in her recently examined manuscripts.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The handwritten manuscripts and correspondence accurately reflect Germain's own original ideas and plans without later misattribution or alteration.","pith_extraction_headline":"Sophie Germain developed a grand plan to prove Fermat's Last Theorem in full using new number theory tools."},"references":{"count":10,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1980,"title":"L. 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