{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV","short_pith_number":"pith:IM6HJNZH","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"433c74b7275d2fd8679ffe5cf659932d50d0e8d352e9e477d981cf695cd9eded","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.24208","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"One at a Time? The Personal Productivity Bias in Emergency Department Patient Assignment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Brett Hathaway, Evgeny Kagan, John Jones","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T20:48:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emergency departments (EDs) often use a shared-queue setup in which physicians self-assign cases from a pool of triaged patients. We conduct a multi-method study to examine this self-assignment behavior and its effects on system performance. Using data from five EDs spanning 1.4 million patient visits, we show that batching, i.e., self-assigning multiple patients at once, is common and associated with longer stays for batched patients, even after controlling for clinical acuity, physician fixed effects, and ED congestion. We then develop a continuous-time queueing model that characterizes the "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.24208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T20:48:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"f0a662fc0cd45b151fbf4e9548f0d872d4d3331bf8c295d7e1c2a787f60f803e","abstract_canon_sha256":"7071353aaf655e6af1a40b84166ce9451d822e45bd89ccb489b37051254d8cfa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478948Z","signature_b64":"/vbmC/mzPH2hxZIMnOnav1qEmH8yBz2u2gmm4JNFjhHBFOW386Xpss+GKmzNLmJhq1/8DQwO+XoFHcZZJeJPAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"433c74b7275d2fd8679ffe5cf659932d50d0e8d352e9e477d981cf695cd9eded","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478152Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478152Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"One at a Time? The Personal Productivity Bias in Emergency Department Patient Assignment","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Brett Hathaway, Evgeny Kagan, John Jones","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T20:48:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emergency departments (EDs) often use a shared-queue setup in which physicians self-assign cases from a pool of triaged patients. We conduct a multi-method study to examine this self-assignment behavior and its effects on system performance. Using data from five EDs spanning 1.4 million patient visits, we show that batching, i.e., self-assigning multiple patients at once, is common and associated with longer stays for batched patients, even after controlling for clinical acuity, physician fixed effects, and ED congestion. We then develop a continuous-time queueing model that characterizes the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.24208","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.24208/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.24208","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.24208v1","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.24208","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IM6HJNZHLUX5","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ47","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IM6HJNZH","created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV","json":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/IM6HJNZH"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/IM6HJNZH","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.24208&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/IM6HJNZHLUX5QZ477ZOPMWMTFV/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-26T01:02:52.478272+00:00"}