{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K","short_pith_number":"pith:IMTRVTYK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"5503ccac282b7ba770a6df71e893c106de67d076319362ccf0585f85cfc6f4c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c4dc153e5e988edb816cbdd1b976477db544a47f51723159abd4781c10235c6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"43271acf0a02e72b62cb7d54a01b1de2a1743775276ef01d964c22989375cf34","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.08209","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.08209","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.08209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.08209","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IMTRVTYKALTS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IMTRVTYKALTSWYWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IMTRVTYK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"5503ccac282b7ba770a6df71e893c106de67d076319362ccf0585f85cfc6f4c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c4dc153e5e988edb816cbdd1b976477db544a47f51723159abd4781c10235c6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"43271acf0a02e72b62cb7d54a01b1de2a1743775276ef01d964c22989375cf34","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283997Z","signature_b64":"6rUrLv29pGh3BFAiEZW2i87OmS4+466GyVOFQiJq/YzUEF+D2OXhXj3qyk/oaRKwOfl13Uh1syR4JhrJztZBDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"43271acf0a02e72b62cb7d54a01b1de2a1743775276ef01d964c22989375cf34","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283290Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.08209","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oJ/tjyu4+M5axthJzegn7FNhRUr9OhqYGaUTsnBUaJnRHs8Vg3K4AY/BoaJljDWxwI7dMlJsnbw3nf+ugnC4Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T03:33:10.299473Z"},"content_sha256":"455507a8688345f6a210c1e478e17e9396bc67e4b4210d7faaa5f48cc8dff871","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:455507a8688345f6a210c1e478e17e9396bc67e4b4210d7faaa5f48cc8dff871"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Valuing Diffuse Global Public Goods from Satellite Constellations: Evidence from GPS and Airline Delays","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Lev Ricanati","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies the welfare impact of discrete improvements to global public goods in the context of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Specifically, I find that by disabling Selective Availability in May, 2000, and thus significantly increasing the accuracy of GPS, the United States generated at least \\$268 million (2000 dollars) of additional welfare gains. To quantify this welfare impact, I apply a difference-in-differences model to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics's Airline On-Time Performance Data in the years 1999 and 2000. I use this model to estimate the time saved per flig"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.08209/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BSXNvPES+eYNrSBU/Nh5ozdT0PgIvaCWitFHKhjqOjeFyZ7DmWqErCybtLDoUX7fdUtphb8z9Btv62KtpP5bDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T03:33:10.299993Z"},"content_sha256":"bff887bdddc1f2d6cbf088eaa984239614af3c794ed7e7b8f62e8efa339ab89d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bff887bdddc1f2d6cbf088eaa984239614af3c794ed7e7b8f62e8efa339ab89d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T03:33:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IMTRVTYKALTSWYWLPVKKAGY54K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c4dc153e5e988edb816cbdd1b976477db544a47f51723159abd4781c10235c6","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"5503ccac282b7ba770a6df71e893c106de67d076319362ccf0585f85cfc6f4c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.08209","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.08209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.08209","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IMTRVTYKALTS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IMTRVTYKALTSWYWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IMTRVTYK","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bff887bdddc1f2d6cbf088eaa984239614af3c794ed7e7b8f62e8efa339ab89d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.08209/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies the welfare impact of discrete improvements to global public goods in the context of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Specifically, I find that by disabling Selective Availability in May, 2000, and thus significantly increasing the accuracy of GPS, the United States generated at least \\$268 million (2000 dollars) of additional welfare gains. To quantify this welfare impact, I apply a difference-in-differences model to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics's Airline On-Time Performance Data in the years 1999 and 2000. I use this model to estimate the time saved per flig","authors_text":"Lev Ricanati","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","title":"Valuing Diffuse Global Public Goods from Satellite Constellations: Evidence from GPS and Airline Delays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:455507a8688345f6a210c1e478e17e9396bc67e4b4210d7faaa5f48cc8dff871","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c4dc153e5e988edb816cbdd1b976477db544a47f51723159abd4781c10235c6","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T20:29:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"5503ccac282b7ba770a6df71e893c106de67d076319362ccf0585f85cfc6f4c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.08209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"43271acf0a02e72b62cb7d54a01b1de2a1743775276ef01d964c22989375cf34","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"43271acf0a02e72b62cb7d54a01b1de2a1743775276ef01d964c22989375cf34","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283290Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6rUrLv29pGh3BFAiEZW2i87OmS4+466GyVOFQiJq/YzUEF+D2OXhXj3qyk/oaRKwOfl13Uh1syR4JhrJztZBDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:18:46.283997Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.08209","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:455507a8688345f6a210c1e478e17e9396bc67e4b4210d7faaa5f48cc8dff871","sha256:bff887bdddc1f2d6cbf088eaa984239614af3c794ed7e7b8f62e8efa339ab89d"],"state_sha256":"cb5bc11e345c9e9137573f29b42c7f919e4893306d225d8e35c64a22be3f55da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qlp228uY3eQyZIynU6JM4IgQc++WzLXXU2qRVkuHlTTeeg5i3VaHFoup5Y85mmlEfEaUhh0UV7D8bI0h/qHYAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T03:33:10.303743Z","bundle_sha256":"65a34791065fb82978a336924920171ef3eb49860276b084861ce3c1ebcaf55f"}}