{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4","short_pith_number":"pith:INT42I2A","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"4367cd2340d02cde23c210b76212810f3588d31071cafa1b8f06e1aa109a5135","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.00009","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Fast particle acceleration in three-dimensional relativistic reconnection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Dimitrios Giannios, Hao Zhang, Lorenzo Sironi","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T18:00:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Magnetic reconnection is invoked as one of the primary mechanisms to produce energetic particles. We employ large-scale three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection in magnetically-dominated ($\\sigma=10$) pair plasmas to study the energization physics of high-energy particles. We identify a novel acceleration mechanism that only operates in 3D. For weak guide fields, 3D plasmoids / flux ropes extend along the $z$ direction of the electric current for a length comparable to their cross-sectional radius. Unlike in 2D simulations, where particles are buried in plasmoids, in"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.00009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T18:00:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e699c6a79b2a4da1320994f07455ef0a72f647d3aef9590210285fd3da956a88","abstract_canon_sha256":"d383fe200c13163c66c4344cc9f2d5be75fc30fbb4e1391196c22f35d2587bc8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.749136Z","signature_b64":"8Zc5dSlnvGYBVELLAje4xw+yEXrsJ6fGAVGRtSaDNn83sZ0yluJyQFfISgTVqNU4GvKyqBYJ4ali7gFw6C41Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4367cd2340d02cde23c210b76212810f3588d31071cafa1b8f06e1aa109a5135","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748654Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748654Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fast particle acceleration in three-dimensional relativistic reconnection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Dimitrios Giannios, Hao Zhang, Lorenzo Sironi","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T18:00:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Magnetic reconnection is invoked as one of the primary mechanisms to produce energetic particles. We employ large-scale three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection in magnetically-dominated ($\\sigma=10$) pair plasmas to study the energization physics of high-energy particles. We identify a novel acceleration mechanism that only operates in 3D. For weak guide fields, 3D plasmoids / flux ropes extend along the $z$ direction of the electric current for a length comparable to their cross-sectional radius. Unlike in 2D simulations, where particles are buried in plasmoids, in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.00009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.00009/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.00009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.00009v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.00009","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"INT42I2A2AWN","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"INT42I2A2AWN4I6C","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"INT42I2A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.00790","citing_title":"TeV gamma-ray spectral spikes produced by magnetic reconnection in blazar jets: the case of the 2014 high state of Markarian 501","ref_index":44,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2603.15754","citing_title":"Single-source-class interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux","ref_index":31,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2506.04212","citing_title":"Studying the mirror acceleration via kinetic simulations of relativistic plasma turbulence","ref_index":60,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4","json":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/INT42I2A"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/INT42I2A","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2105.00009&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/INT42I2A2AWN4I6CCC3WEEUBB4/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:34.748715+00:00"}