{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5","short_pith_number":"pith:IQ5YM7CU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d8e2a435ca742b515a1a2e0896e7e721753fee685d32f3502a815247e1c40c8a","abstract_canon_sha256":"61424a820e2e59f8d8a1d33878dfdff12a5c7f7585605c6cdefd513e6886e1b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"443b867c54dd01f86830fd04a8695ea7442a40ca8a90315e7e8f7071b1322209","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.03490","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.03490","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.03490v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.03490","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU3UA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d8e2a435ca742b515a1a2e0896e7e721753fee685d32f3502a815247e1c40c8a","abstract_canon_sha256":"61424a820e2e59f8d8a1d33878dfdff12a5c7f7585605c6cdefd513e6886e1b3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"443b867c54dd01f86830fd04a8695ea7442a40ca8a90315e7e8f7071b1322209","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.646126Z","signature_b64":"3qBLp/4QnHkeVPG3JhvgS157jkgJ80btjlTiPRczbAC1Ef5Fo7lFnDUotGZlvjI/OoPYaBPTp0xaeZtNV4ddAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"443b867c54dd01f86830fd04a8695ea7442a40ca8a90315e7e8f7071b1322209","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.645625Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.645625Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.03490","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9OpFi66qyPoQv+6v4jZB+ciI2NdUBmYHQmNx4rGs324BTf6SMkMbJ3f2WYos11plpZ+BKAOA4F3QxJgY/kNZCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:32:59.863178Z"},"content_sha256":"e1fb55a2b40a687e1f5d06d7e9e1280679c356385d2bcc653642443b9ece411c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e1fb55a2b40a687e1f5d06d7e9e1280679c356385d2bcc653642443b9ece411c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Orbitronics: Light-induced Orbit Currents in Terahertz Emission Experiments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Albert Fert, Fan Zhang, Henri-Yves Jaffres, Houyi Cheng, Renyou Xu, Weisheng Zhao, Yongshan Liu, Yong Xu, Yuhao Jiang","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Orbitronics is based on the use of orbit currents as information carriers. Up to now, orbit currents were created from the conversion of charge or spin currents, and inversely, they could be converted back to charge or spin currents. Here we demonstrate that orbit currents can also be generated by femtosecond light pulses on Ni. In multilayers associating Ni with oxides and nonmagnetic metals such as Cu, we detect the orbit currents by their conversion into charge currents and the resulting terahertz emission. We show that the orbit currents extraordinarily predominate the light-induced spin c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.03490/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o1U8Zf6d474fbIJNwcULY88P0gk0C8WAR9XxY86ZL7pYY1Gtnje5SIuetJOwnMxKWuLftvHLPNJxw2g4D1BHCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:32:59.864171Z"},"content_sha256":"510affe641cec4c917670c2f96ec73649229d2820d0d65fd66dcc44076706861","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:510affe641cec4c917670c2f96ec73649229d2820d0d65fd66dcc44076706861"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T06:32:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ7UCKQ2K6U5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"61424a820e2e59f8d8a1d33878dfdff12a5c7f7585605c6cdefd513e6886e1b3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8e2a435ca742b515a1a2e0896e7e721753fee685d32f3502a815247e1c40c8a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.03490","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.03490v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.03490","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU3UA7","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU3UA7Q2BQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IQ5YM7CU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:510affe641cec4c917670c2f96ec73649229d2820d0d65fd66dcc44076706861","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.03490/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Orbitronics is based on the use of orbit currents as information carriers. Up to now, orbit currents were created from the conversion of charge or spin currents, and inversely, they could be converted back to charge or spin currents. Here we demonstrate that orbit currents can also be generated by femtosecond light pulses on Ni. In multilayers associating Ni with oxides and nonmagnetic metals such as Cu, we detect the orbit currents by their conversion into charge currents and the resulting terahertz emission. We show that the orbit currents extraordinarily predominate the light-induced spin c","authors_text":"Albert Fert, Fan Zhang, Henri-Yves Jaffres, Houyi Cheng, Renyou Xu, Weisheng Zhao, Yongshan Liu, Yong Xu, Yuhao Jiang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","title":"Orbitronics: Light-induced Orbit Currents in Terahertz Emission Experiments"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e1fb55a2b40a687e1f5d06d7e9e1280679c356385d2bcc653642443b9ece411c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"61424a820e2e59f8d8a1d33878dfdff12a5c7f7585605c6cdefd513e6886e1b3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2023-07-07T09:57:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"d8e2a435ca742b515a1a2e0896e7e721753fee685d32f3502a815247e1c40c8a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.03490","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"443b867c54dd01f86830fd04a8695ea7442a40ca8a90315e7e8f7071b1322209","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"443b867c54dd01f86830fd04a8695ea7442a40ca8a90315e7e8f7071b1322209","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.645625Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.645625Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3qBLp/4QnHkeVPG3JhvgS157jkgJ80btjlTiPRczbAC1Ef5Fo7lFnDUotGZlvjI/OoPYaBPTp0xaeZtNV4ddAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:28:43.646126Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.03490","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e1fb55a2b40a687e1f5d06d7e9e1280679c356385d2bcc653642443b9ece411c","sha256:510affe641cec4c917670c2f96ec73649229d2820d0d65fd66dcc44076706861"],"state_sha256":"6789c917656fcadadbff083212ac049797a26b37f1e86c82176541dac2f6cb01"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JK0uyitMkz/5lq7RW3uoVko1bQS01W5Km1F/X3CfScVfwfqOlR5b+FtCXBzcHtnzn0v2HdVFjcBhyedDB4cnBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:32:59.896280Z","bundle_sha256":"50dc11ab9e57bb5a2a9907ca09a43c3051ae98e150998c951047e962bfbe6591"}}