{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX","short_pith_number":"pith:IQVULCWG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"aebdc9d577a90f6732877ca04050d5185e6752662542d1042c46621ca8651ee3","abstract_canon_sha256":"38bfca3391590761bf4a2041336aea909dc7c2b61e3b411a6da5f61a63185a13"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"442b458ac6f0dec1fa3a5d9ddeb29205e0e819a4c32ac9303dc5aaf52537fad7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.06675","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06675","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06675v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06675","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IQVULCWG6DPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IQVULCWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"aebdc9d577a90f6732877ca04050d5185e6752662542d1042c46621ca8651ee3","abstract_canon_sha256":"38bfca3391590761bf4a2041336aea909dc7c2b61e3b411a6da5f61a63185a13"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"442b458ac6f0dec1fa3a5d9ddeb29205e0e819a4c32ac9303dc5aaf52537fad7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.814118Z","signature_b64":"s/ZmeEXBTt8bKveL/mMyEmyu2TgDQsn7EnKaAY+RExYgesInoXBBV+ZQkPaxKqXh43FxwwD//Ed9iqOuFzcdDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"442b458ac6f0dec1fa3a5d9ddeb29205e0e819a4c32ac9303dc5aaf52537fad7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.813615Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.813615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.06675","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NKQIxlrDnfaEw5TGzkp8k2q5t5bV4Yqqs++MGp3LN4hgfu4SSizNRxpAtPE3ryL/xEOi6tCTaClDhh0XoVfLCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:36:05.299898Z"},"content_sha256":"511101a750ca713c66a9d851c05b702405b0824a9097f61aa117c5986535fd58","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:511101a750ca713c66a9d851c05b702405b0824a9097f61aa117c5986535fd58"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Systematic afterpulsing-estimation algorithms for gated avalanche photodiodes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Alejandro Arredondo-Santos, Alfred B U'Ren, Carlos Wiechers, Jorge G. Hirsch, Oscar R. Mu\\~niz-S\\'anchez, Pablo Daniel Y\\'epiz, Roberto Ram\\'irez-Alarc\\'on","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the signal being measured, as opposed to being produced by noise mechanisms, specifically by afterpulsing. Our method in principle allows the use of InGaAs APDs at high detection efficiencies, with the full operation bandwidth, either with or without resorting to the application of a dead time. As we show below, our method can be used in configurations where afte"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5iMkcgfDQw/VOudxnKWEEDxHaYNLh44nQoKu2cmORJAkSTY0QGfcsdkGSWiPbp7jsJI5jfO8NvKg6jLnjI/3CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:36:05.300622Z"},"content_sha256":"b7feb4e482dc9792de87a8f9346aa42f45e513a1dedb41a950b7866a5de16e25","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b7feb4e482dc9792de87a8f9346aa42f45e513a1dedb41a950b7866a5de16e25"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T22:36:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2LWO55MUSAX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"38bfca3391590761bf4a2041336aea909dc7c2b61e3b411a6da5f61a63185a13","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"aebdc9d577a90f6732877ca04050d5185e6752662542d1042c46621ca8651ee3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.06675","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.06675v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.06675","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IQVULCWG6DPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IQVULCWG6DPMD6R2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IQVULCWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b7feb4e482dc9792de87a8f9346aa42f45e513a1dedb41a950b7866a5de16e25","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the signal being measured, as opposed to being produced by noise mechanisms, specifically by afterpulsing. Our method in principle allows the use of InGaAs APDs at high detection efficiencies, with the full operation bandwidth, either with or without resorting to the application of a dead time. As we show below, our method can be used in configurations where afte","authors_text":"Alejandro Arredondo-Santos, Alfred B U'Ren, Carlos Wiechers, Jorge G. Hirsch, Oscar R. Mu\\~niz-S\\'anchez, Pablo Daniel Y\\'epiz, Roberto Ram\\'irez-Alarc\\'on","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","title":"Systematic afterpulsing-estimation algorithms for gated avalanche photodiodes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:511101a750ca713c66a9d851c05b702405b0824a9097f61aa117c5986535fd58","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"38bfca3391590761bf4a2041336aea909dc7c2b61e3b411a6da5f61a63185a13","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2016-08-24T00:46:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"aebdc9d577a90f6732877ca04050d5185e6752662542d1042c46621ca8651ee3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.06675","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"442b458ac6f0dec1fa3a5d9ddeb29205e0e819a4c32ac9303dc5aaf52537fad7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"442b458ac6f0dec1fa3a5d9ddeb29205e0e819a4c32ac9303dc5aaf52537fad7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.813615Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.813615Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s/ZmeEXBTt8bKveL/mMyEmyu2TgDQsn7EnKaAY+RExYgesInoXBBV+ZQkPaxKqXh43FxwwD//Ed9iqOuFzcdDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:05:41.814118Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.06675","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:511101a750ca713c66a9d851c05b702405b0824a9097f61aa117c5986535fd58","sha256:b7feb4e482dc9792de87a8f9346aa42f45e513a1dedb41a950b7866a5de16e25"],"state_sha256":"c4a0341e52dc53a44af1be4bcb17505724e8e3fa8c23b53fbb48824e17e21498"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LuDmv+oZnOyXx7uGg5/WgPDijDVJ1kTpPafLAa+IvUaV0lkZxO8USCU3wLfnXsi79jp1UiammX49Hg8OgdsaDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T22:36:05.304127Z","bundle_sha256":"0bab2523237353383d80ddbb0f50dd7e54b248a26b8a12cfdab5287b48cd991d"}}