{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6","short_pith_number":"pith:IRL5PQZB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"1093f0a10e57299a4b1c1ca36de519ffeda5c2b66efcf7b44a9463f2ae3fb946","abstract_canon_sha256":"fc7c0b6b019f753c21e3052ce4f7683af95e5f75971396100735f87e75f71dfa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4457d7c321fe19462743cad6345d104780bf369b23d94425247edecfe5a16ba8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.1861","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.1861","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.1861v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.1861","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB7YMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"1093f0a10e57299a4b1c1ca36de519ffeda5c2b66efcf7b44a9463f2ae3fb946","abstract_canon_sha256":"fc7c0b6b019f753c21e3052ce4f7683af95e5f75971396100735f87e75f71dfa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4457d7c321fe19462743cad6345d104780bf369b23d94425247edecfe5a16ba8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197669Z","signature_b64":"1k3ejLjCboM194UCyLsJim7HvG56IzA4huw3Y/+nBZDVoKsggWz7sWzd5aV7L/HqV31+XgQUEH5jhWu3f5UQDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4457d7c321fe19462743cad6345d104780bf369b23d94425247edecfe5a16ba8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197189Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197189Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.1861","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IMWOqqtKQGLoYSGSAgHyxzxWqCo9R1EBFKiq7XgbreinRluomWYwivIyUThb2Nv7lQxD1CBDwQxEVBxumJWUAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:57:05.243829Z"},"content_sha256":"bfc0de9dae4d34216f4c365c821b1fe002765de5453d5315ef3dc72bd83d22a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfc0de9dae4d34216f4c365c821b1fe002765de5453d5315ef3dc72bd83d22a7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Physical-Layer Cryptography Through Massive MIMO","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Andrea Goldsmith, Thomas Dean","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose the new technique of physical-layer cryptography based on using a massive MIMO channel as a key between the sender and desired receiver, which need not be secret. The goal is for low-complexity encoding and decoding by the desired transmitter-receiver pair, whereas decoding by an eavesdropper is hard in terms of prohibitive complexity. The decoding complexity is analyzed by mapping the massive MIMO system to a lattice. We show that the eavesdropper's decoder for the MIMO system with M-PAM modulation is equivalent to solving standard lattice problems that are conjectured to be of exp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5bhpYM8goVMcKVBvI/ivNE1duaWRILwk9qqYZu1A+7OLT2N/1FUyN5wqt9Zs6EjW+EnMmIoQ/yT0gQbLvIDYAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:57:05.244477Z"},"content_sha256":"136a613b15c18422ab77c60734a7022c32c29ecd3d7927c8832e23d9eae106f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:136a613b15c18422ab77c60734a7022c32c29ecd3d7927c8832e23d9eae106f6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T12:57:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2DZLLDIXIQI6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fc7c0b6b019f753c21e3052ce4f7683af95e5f75971396100735f87e75f71dfa","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"1093f0a10e57299a4b1c1ca36de519ffeda5c2b66efcf7b44a9463f2ae3fb946"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.1861","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.1861v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.1861","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB7YMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB7YMUMJ2D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRL5PQZB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:136a613b15c18422ab77c60734a7022c32c29ecd3d7927c8832e23d9eae106f6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose the new technique of physical-layer cryptography based on using a massive MIMO channel as a key between the sender and desired receiver, which need not be secret. The goal is for low-complexity encoding and decoding by the desired transmitter-receiver pair, whereas decoding by an eavesdropper is hard in terms of prohibitive complexity. The decoding complexity is analyzed by mapping the massive MIMO system to a lattice. We show that the eavesdropper's decoder for the MIMO system with M-PAM modulation is equivalent to solving standard lattice problems that are conjectured to be of exp","authors_text":"Andrea Goldsmith, Thomas Dean","cross_cats":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","title":"Physical-Layer Cryptography Through Massive MIMO"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bfc0de9dae4d34216f4c365c821b1fe002765de5453d5315ef3dc72bd83d22a7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fc7c0b6b019f753c21e3052ce4f7683af95e5f75971396100735f87e75f71dfa","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2013-10-07T17:02:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"1093f0a10e57299a4b1c1ca36de519ffeda5c2b66efcf7b44a9463f2ae3fb946"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.1861","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"4457d7c321fe19462743cad6345d104780bf369b23d94425247edecfe5a16ba8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4457d7c321fe19462743cad6345d104780bf369b23d94425247edecfe5a16ba8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197189Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197189Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1k3ejLjCboM194UCyLsJim7HvG56IzA4huw3Y/+nBZDVoKsggWz7sWzd5aV7L/HqV31+XgQUEH5jhWu3f5UQDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:32.197669Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.1861","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bfc0de9dae4d34216f4c365c821b1fe002765de5453d5315ef3dc72bd83d22a7","sha256:136a613b15c18422ab77c60734a7022c32c29ecd3d7927c8832e23d9eae106f6"],"state_sha256":"082f4468765c4dd5f85da395451de0d2ffbbd02a4404ed9c8c8b70f03f7984f7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w1RRXsSLzDOBm9LSi58ONM0xrae43Gjx50OeXZ2ZMyVhqGU2Vd8Sr+qCh0S7nBCrbIv1Zm119FZBLhVj7x20Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T12:57:05.247765Z","bundle_sha256":"72eb37b8f28c59c4ca501bc819d718158038d7f84c41faef2c526f30b5f654b9"}}