{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG","short_pith_number":"pith:IRN23KQT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"262ab91e34c9a5f69cad5b3566e700bc787d87510605c1eac00994c71be86420","abstract_canon_sha256":"bab86df6c592ccaa0250fee04eb07dfab992c439ea6bbcd4a4460ffbcd5385ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"445badaa136668c4c56a7505702f75b980ffa1847bb166e45c1ba715f5a31609","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.01453","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.01453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.01453v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.01453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRN23KQTMZUM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRN23KQTMZUMJRLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRN23KQT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"262ab91e34c9a5f69cad5b3566e700bc787d87510605c1eac00994c71be86420","abstract_canon_sha256":"bab86df6c592ccaa0250fee04eb07dfab992c439ea6bbcd4a4460ffbcd5385ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"445badaa136668c4c56a7505702f75b980ffa1847bb166e45c1ba715f5a31609","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.051673Z","signature_b64":"x4G0VaJ9yXw3jKYFQVNEQ8lNgxdrvUz9iQVJWUOp8wpupwRk8MJAoTf5kXEt26L3aPeIPEx/CCwqWfyNyxG6CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"445badaa136668c4c56a7505702f75b980ffa1847bb166e45c1ba715f5a31609","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.050953Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.050953Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.01453","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ggDByPDC/DkOKQQCFbCmyJ8ijQPyu+wHC9sVwTaNAsfcnDJxKQo/siYFPhD0whfkOCHc/AViPmpAMaKVKA6aAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:02:26.919194Z"},"content_sha256":"3c1d4a459a9c91b7bb7e78aa85ab8336c900b0dba4ed8d92dddde22aa48ce3d9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3c1d4a459a9c91b7bb7e78aa85ab8336c900b0dba4ed8d92dddde22aa48ce3d9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Canonical structure and orthogonality of forces and currents in irreversible Markov chains","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Johannes Zimmer, Marcus Kaiser, Robert L. Jack","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss a canonical structure that provides a unifying description of dynamical large deviations for irreversible finite state Markov chains (continuous time), Onsager theory, and Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory. For Markov chains, this theory involves a non-linear relation between probability currents and their conjugate forces. Within this framework, we show how the forces can be split into two components, which are orthogonal to each other, in a generalised sense. This splitting allows a decomposition of the pathwise rate function into three terms, which have physical interpretations in t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wcuOVHZrCk6/dwDb+t0SgvNhnHGYwsV6JdHA8A1k3gM8lpsPINKR/99Hg1dikCV1bZw6n+n6aeyXr2VTUSf4Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:02:26.919852Z"},"content_sha256":"28cf09877e53dce1132e8574322e96651c7133701e66c7a626cf690759e249fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28cf09877e53dce1132e8574322e96651c7133701e66c7a626cf690759e249fd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T00:02:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:IRN23KQTMZUMJRLKOUCXAL3VXG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bab86df6c592ccaa0250fee04eb07dfab992c439ea6bbcd4a4460ffbcd5385ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"262ab91e34c9a5f69cad5b3566e700bc787d87510605c1eac00994c71be86420"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.01453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.01453v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.01453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRN23KQTMZUM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRN23KQTMZUMJRLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRN23KQT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:28cf09877e53dce1132e8574322e96651c7133701e66c7a626cf690759e249fd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss a canonical structure that provides a unifying description of dynamical large deviations for irreversible finite state Markov chains (continuous time), Onsager theory, and Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory. For Markov chains, this theory involves a non-linear relation between probability currents and their conjugate forces. Within this framework, we show how the forces can be split into two components, which are orthogonal to each other, in a generalised sense. This splitting allows a decomposition of the pathwise rate function into three terms, which have physical interpretations in t","authors_text":"Johannes Zimmer, Marcus Kaiser, Robert L. Jack","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","title":"Canonical structure and orthogonality of forces and currents in irreversible Markov chains"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3c1d4a459a9c91b7bb7e78aa85ab8336c900b0dba4ed8d92dddde22aa48ce3d9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bab86df6c592ccaa0250fee04eb07dfab992c439ea6bbcd4a4460ffbcd5385ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2017-08-04T11:17:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"262ab91e34c9a5f69cad5b3566e700bc787d87510605c1eac00994c71be86420"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"445badaa136668c4c56a7505702f75b980ffa1847bb166e45c1ba715f5a31609","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"445badaa136668c4c56a7505702f75b980ffa1847bb166e45c1ba715f5a31609","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.050953Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.050953Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"x4G0VaJ9yXw3jKYFQVNEQ8lNgxdrvUz9iQVJWUOp8wpupwRk8MJAoTf5kXEt26L3aPeIPEx/CCwqWfyNyxG6CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:14.051673Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.01453","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3c1d4a459a9c91b7bb7e78aa85ab8336c900b0dba4ed8d92dddde22aa48ce3d9","sha256:28cf09877e53dce1132e8574322e96651c7133701e66c7a626cf690759e249fd"],"state_sha256":"78174a2ada0777f13913f1b356aee0fff6add1b85b5a5769f3308a866ec2df3b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"85SO0W5qNl2z2h52/jShH3Vwc1/XYpCctoS+ocsFihaRC+4a29aeWDRWDlsEbA6itYsi6DUjTpKhBJgOO/19DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:02:26.922981Z","bundle_sha256":"8de2c24dff7411533a48a95847dcfb57643bd25b00da2d36e3aa08f887ba8677"}}