{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS","short_pith_number":"pith:IRXZOKFI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"b270db51d1ad46180bc7d619c74bd82979c758ece39be291366518c9744ba0fa","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a448e8bd9dc0c9ce93ea981fa3bf80ab270bc1be9a1fbdcde80e45be2405745"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"446f9728a840aaff5d070d2c0ab9221cbf43422c7b3879adbac3ca76b24f1898","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.06825","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.06825","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.06825v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.06825","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRXZOKFIICVP","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRXZOKFIICVP6XIH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRXZOKFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"b270db51d1ad46180bc7d619c74bd82979c758ece39be291366518c9744ba0fa","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a448e8bd9dc0c9ce93ea981fa3bf80ab270bc1be9a1fbdcde80e45be2405745"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"446f9728a840aaff5d070d2c0ab9221cbf43422c7b3879adbac3ca76b24f1898","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075882Z","signature_b64":"rKnOyf+5X2CF7rb5ZLqBjVymZI+msqAiXAEIMqCd91ax/KQkHTbpUbZnBlzxNhygTffsDBx9UTVA4O0v+WnyCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"446f9728a840aaff5d070d2c0ab9221cbf43422c7b3879adbac3ca76b24f1898","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075364Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2203.06825","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"44OUQx2KIEcDPE52SD9X657w1lcolCHHMB98t+TP3x5qB/6LEtTYj9negbf5OVZFjoJ1yKwWPCvtJWaszgCyDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:46:44.036478Z"},"content_sha256":"c5fdaad3a7e48c4f1bd4568c79ecc555351cb37e43740f380c55fd90491240ad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5fdaad3a7e48c4f1bd4568c79ecc555351cb37e43740f380c55fd90491240ad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fairness Evaluation in Deepfake Detection Models using Metamorphic Testing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Chun Yong Chong, Mei Kuan Lim, Meng Yi Kuan, Muxin Pu, Nyee Thoang Lim","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Fairness of deepfake detectors in the presence of anomalies are not well investigated, especially if those anomalies are more prominent in either male or female subjects. The primary motivation for this work is to evaluate how deepfake detection model behaves under such anomalies. However, due to the black-box nature of deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, it is hard to predict the performance of a model when the input data is modified. Crucially, if this defect is not addressed properly, it will adversely affect the fairness of the model and result in discrimination of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.06825/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1ReVpFDjo9pBC3Co4CTkaHH8SlHUcgLNraQPQLee9r0snSLll/yWYq6GNi+FrKhnLC2YOnAAe6RgLBCTnzm3BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:46:44.036962Z"},"content_sha256":"6b58ac789ebf3509d2d2b2f3301daac217abe122d7e2808599b34fd20daf9fcb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b58ac789ebf3509d2d2b2f3301daac217abe122d7e2808599b34fd20daf9fcb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T11:46:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IRXZOKFIICVP6XIHBUWAVOJCDS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a448e8bd9dc0c9ce93ea981fa3bf80ab270bc1be9a1fbdcde80e45be2405745","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"b270db51d1ad46180bc7d619c74bd82979c758ece39be291366518c9744ba0fa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.06825","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.06825v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.06825","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IRXZOKFIICVP","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IRXZOKFIICVP6XIH","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IRXZOKFI","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6b58ac789ebf3509d2d2b2f3301daac217abe122d7e2808599b34fd20daf9fcb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2203.06825/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Fairness of deepfake detectors in the presence of anomalies are not well investigated, especially if those anomalies are more prominent in either male or female subjects. The primary motivation for this work is to evaluate how deepfake detection model behaves under such anomalies. However, due to the black-box nature of deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems, it is hard to predict the performance of a model when the input data is modified. Crucially, if this defect is not addressed properly, it will adversely affect the fairness of the model and result in discrimination of","authors_text":"Chun Yong Chong, Mei Kuan Lim, Meng Yi Kuan, Muxin Pu, Nyee Thoang Lim","cross_cats":["cs.SE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","title":"Fairness Evaluation in Deepfake Detection Models using Metamorphic Testing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c5fdaad3a7e48c4f1bd4568c79ecc555351cb37e43740f380c55fd90491240ad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a448e8bd9dc0c9ce93ea981fa3bf80ab270bc1be9a1fbdcde80e45be2405745","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-03-14T02:44:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"b270db51d1ad46180bc7d619c74bd82979c758ece39be291366518c9744ba0fa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2203.06825","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"446f9728a840aaff5d070d2c0ab9221cbf43422c7b3879adbac3ca76b24f1898","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"446f9728a840aaff5d070d2c0ab9221cbf43422c7b3879adbac3ca76b24f1898","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075364Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rKnOyf+5X2CF7rb5ZLqBjVymZI+msqAiXAEIMqCd91ax/KQkHTbpUbZnBlzxNhygTffsDBx9UTVA4O0v+WnyCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:04:56.075882Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2203.06825","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c5fdaad3a7e48c4f1bd4568c79ecc555351cb37e43740f380c55fd90491240ad","sha256:6b58ac789ebf3509d2d2b2f3301daac217abe122d7e2808599b34fd20daf9fcb"],"state_sha256":"58f90cdc8f57db11447cbacd976edcc084b7b0a4715368f5208212ced49e93d8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/2pJNgpIm0ZUfIeRyE/AQT3ZJhIs/OEtogDo9Y1MilRykazSwdsByzqgYlyCrmGWVPHFR48J79FdZSIdnYK4AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:46:44.040339Z","bundle_sha256":"cc7c86374c76bc98f686f88ba06c289f6c0cffae206c68728dfe5345ac88d9bc"}}