{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY","short_pith_number":"pith:IS6H5MYN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"2d61bd5d14d65dd147ede6ab3560838274d8077d9341d65d2828abdbb8810561","abstract_canon_sha256":"452fe4c98054e5f2033f3ca8b3651440d99912d3fc4e52fab2eaa52199c1801c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"44bc7eb30dfef9d54e8a83b2c8370fce24e1b8e2fc4b36a8bdc58333102cabf8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1106.3458","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1106.3458","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1106.3458v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1106.3458","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN7345","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN7345KTUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"2d61bd5d14d65dd147ede6ab3560838274d8077d9341d65d2828abdbb8810561","abstract_canon_sha256":"452fe4c98054e5f2033f3ca8b3651440d99912d3fc4e52fab2eaa52199c1801c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"44bc7eb30dfef9d54e8a83b2c8370fce24e1b8e2fc4b36a8bdc58333102cabf8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.753307Z","signature_b64":"iiaKu2Y+TlWr3GOB0cbmZLXQlCLVsEo/w1njSYJytVQeRmM4KDAii5t16xxCErjF/Y7XARipCxexfidqsmU8AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"44bc7eb30dfef9d54e8a83b2c8370fce24e1b8e2fc4b36a8bdc58333102cabf8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.752660Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.752660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1106.3458","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HFnVSA0KlDYwImM51U/Eb5unqA11QXCuDJoIxKTtAFuMkp5Oj4Rrlm5n4FIB77y/6ZDclPQxn5pp4BFSMk3RCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T01:26:49.346842Z"},"content_sha256":"aedbcfcc24222a63b7cfc93ca8e013f4e8c2ca1efe13f24f19d5c7bc64965cc6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aedbcfcc24222a63b7cfc93ca8e013f4e8c2ca1efe13f24f19d5c7bc64965cc6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Valley separation in graphene by polarized light","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"L.E. Golub, L.I. Magarill, M.V. Entin, S.A. Tarasenko","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that the optical excitation of graphene with polarized light leads to the pure valley current where carriers in the valleys counterflow. The current in each valley originates from asymmetry of optical transitions and electron scattering by impurities owing to the warping of electron energy spectrum. The valley current has strong polarization dependence, its direction is opposite for normally incident beams of orthogonal linear polarizations. In undoped graphene on a substrate with high susceptibility, electron-electron scattering leads to an additional contribution to the valley curren"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZyB+SeU7LaJIQmZjAnY4c5e4Sck+QRR/J0ilqoDWv4AVSHrTdQIG9Q0xq8w8RcobK8TaLEObZVXlPY9wYvVZBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T01:26:49.347403Z"},"content_sha256":"e3a2c9be20878958d8362239148f92c6d9f11aa6b622612c5642946c6ccf9e62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3a2c9be20878958d8362239148f92c6d9f11aa6b622612c5642946c6ccf9e62"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T01:26:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:IS6H5MYN7345KTUKQOZMQNYPZY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"452fe4c98054e5f2033f3ca8b3651440d99912d3fc4e52fab2eaa52199c1801c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d61bd5d14d65dd147ede6ab3560838274d8077d9341d65d2828abdbb8810561"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1106.3458","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1106.3458v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1106.3458","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN7345","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN7345KTUK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IS6H5MYN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3a2c9be20878958d8362239148f92c6d9f11aa6b622612c5642946c6ccf9e62","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show that the optical excitation of graphene with polarized light leads to the pure valley current where carriers in the valleys counterflow. The current in each valley originates from asymmetry of optical transitions and electron scattering by impurities owing to the warping of electron energy spectrum. The valley current has strong polarization dependence, its direction is opposite for normally incident beams of orthogonal linear polarizations. In undoped graphene on a substrate with high susceptibility, electron-electron scattering leads to an additional contribution to the valley curren","authors_text":"L.E. Golub, L.I. Magarill, M.V. Entin, S.A. Tarasenko","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","title":"Valley separation in graphene by polarized light"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:aedbcfcc24222a63b7cfc93ca8e013f4e8c2ca1efe13f24f19d5c7bc64965cc6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"452fe4c98054e5f2033f3ca8b3651440d99912d3fc4e52fab2eaa52199c1801c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-06-17T12:03:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d61bd5d14d65dd147ede6ab3560838274d8077d9341d65d2828abdbb8810561"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1106.3458","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"44bc7eb30dfef9d54e8a83b2c8370fce24e1b8e2fc4b36a8bdc58333102cabf8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"44bc7eb30dfef9d54e8a83b2c8370fce24e1b8e2fc4b36a8bdc58333102cabf8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.752660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.752660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iiaKu2Y+TlWr3GOB0cbmZLXQlCLVsEo/w1njSYJytVQeRmM4KDAii5t16xxCErjF/Y7XARipCxexfidqsmU8AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:01:35.753307Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1106.3458","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:aedbcfcc24222a63b7cfc93ca8e013f4e8c2ca1efe13f24f19d5c7bc64965cc6","sha256:e3a2c9be20878958d8362239148f92c6d9f11aa6b622612c5642946c6ccf9e62"],"state_sha256":"59874c9ee25229d771d42a130625ba444f28b80bafa2de0cb3cc586018afb0e7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qJE+lnyx8BqFRL7KdQkghDc3h9zDEtg9++AROrzfQoTBx7UJBfpM/OLxSF6OB/G/3bppWpguekqR22/k2vBwBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T01:26:49.350456Z","bundle_sha256":"09e73dcc7cb67b29ef160c041e093af6ab082413513283686b643d0e28ade005"}}