{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB","short_pith_number":"pith:IUJLVW5R","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f374da4eac0a22d5966fdcf3498a8cbe653dcc01f53122fd66d0c87f85a1859b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d52a3fc1d033d3454cab28157887c6bd9323dc794a281b1c2b7c872d34643dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4512badbb1e049ee406ffe638ae240c06a1434e2d895511d2aa3cdd34ef76591","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1507.00964","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.00964","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.00964v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.00964","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R4BE6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f374da4eac0a22d5966fdcf3498a8cbe653dcc01f53122fd66d0c87f85a1859b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d52a3fc1d033d3454cab28157887c6bd9323dc794a281b1c2b7c872d34643dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4512badbb1e049ee406ffe638ae240c06a1434e2d895511d2aa3cdd34ef76591","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.311142Z","signature_b64":"3ddBPrc8VPxhEgq8OByEuSMry83ZhEPbnuG14+g0onJIx5ruywxp1Bd2Gjk2YhTAID+K81Vvwzfx5l1g72LpAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4512badbb1e049ee406ffe638ae240c06a1434e2d895511d2aa3cdd34ef76591","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.310634Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.310634Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1507.00964","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u6B1cEmAJ5ZlVDred1ymdwEIupos8u7L8ujMab0GvHrz74rUf9uHli/DZum5wK3L5mfSo6v3HefaVDR6+ShfBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T13:23:18.819249Z"},"content_sha256":"bc32c882986bd51822571fb9ddd0b1977eef90f433829f3fa12de0f34d5c9af7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bc32c882986bd51822571fb9ddd0b1977eef90f433829f3fa12de0f34d5c9af7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Non-parametric estimation of Fisher information from real data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"stat.CO","authors_text":"Alfons G. Hoekstra, Borja Mi\\~nano, Omri Har Shemesh, Peter M. A. Sloot, Rick Quax","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Fisher Information matrix is a widely used measure for applications ranging from statistical inference, information geometry, experiment design, to the study of criticality in biological systems. Yet there is no commonly accepted non-parametric algorithm to estimate it from real data. In this rapid communication we show how to accurately estimate the Fisher information in a nonparametric way. We also develop a numerical procedure to minimize the errors by choosing the interval of the finite difference scheme necessary to compute the derivatives in the definition of the Fisher information. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VUa+J+Poo8CRWlSAvtaowMrsoRn+WV2pkgDbd8m3UugTuliAWvtsyh3v6+HFrRI3NpYPMgaItdLqxnSNFnw0CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T13:23:18.819605Z"},"content_sha256":"b8819169379aeac2bfa53c0b2fd791ac07f932860c12aac43389339cd34e89a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b8819169379aeac2bfa53c0b2fd791ac07f932860c12aac43389339cd34e89a0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T13:23:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP7ZRYVYSAYB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d52a3fc1d033d3454cab28157887c6bd9323dc794a281b1c2b7c872d34643dd","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"f374da4eac0a22d5966fdcf3498a8cbe653dcc01f53122fd66d0c87f85a1859b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.00964","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.00964v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.00964","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R4BE6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R4BE64QDP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IUJLVW5R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b8819169379aeac2bfa53c0b2fd791ac07f932860c12aac43389339cd34e89a0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Fisher Information matrix is a widely used measure for applications ranging from statistical inference, information geometry, experiment design, to the study of criticality in biological systems. Yet there is no commonly accepted non-parametric algorithm to estimate it from real data. In this rapid communication we show how to accurately estimate the Fisher information in a nonparametric way. We also develop a numerical procedure to minimize the errors by choosing the interval of the finite difference scheme necessary to compute the derivatives in the definition of the Fisher information. ","authors_text":"Alfons G. Hoekstra, Borja Mi\\~nano, Omri Har Shemesh, Peter M. A. Sloot, Rick Quax","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","title":"Non-parametric estimation of Fisher information from real data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bc32c882986bd51822571fb9ddd0b1977eef90f433829f3fa12de0f34d5c9af7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d52a3fc1d033d3454cab28157887c6bd9323dc794a281b1c2b7c872d34643dd","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.CO","submitted_at":"2015-07-03T16:29:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"f374da4eac0a22d5966fdcf3498a8cbe653dcc01f53122fd66d0c87f85a1859b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1507.00964","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"4512badbb1e049ee406ffe638ae240c06a1434e2d895511d2aa3cdd34ef76591","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4512badbb1e049ee406ffe638ae240c06a1434e2d895511d2aa3cdd34ef76591","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.310634Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.310634Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3ddBPrc8VPxhEgq8OByEuSMry83ZhEPbnuG14+g0onJIx5ruywxp1Bd2Gjk2YhTAID+K81Vvwzfx5l1g72LpAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:36.311142Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1507.00964","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bc32c882986bd51822571fb9ddd0b1977eef90f433829f3fa12de0f34d5c9af7","sha256:b8819169379aeac2bfa53c0b2fd791ac07f932860c12aac43389339cd34e89a0"],"state_sha256":"97906176c341cac6125e4362efc2187aae9ae0b9f4befea8c5bfce4b55f7e912"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AF/9zN6bXkJSTwlAssGefVdcJWAb07zihhUKlQDN1zqXZMIzaJi7Xo1j365YKDX6tIVxSS0EUWUI8E0IowojAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T13:23:18.821508Z","bundle_sha256":"ff705ba88e0e8c654144e7bed58451fd7e0a30491428c94369227fc63e075ffc"}}