{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV","short_pith_number":"pith:IUXWHQSN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94e6031a03ebb67933d3981f537a83e0d1170eefb12734ff9b6aee96be92deaf","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0e3c525a93ce0ed97d1675ed4120c4a86f822d1d596c5abbd2a31e16f124ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"452f63c24d534d1e453edfa9aa4e255d7ad09651d86271210f2076a4d3b22c7b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.06653","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.06653","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.06653v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.06653","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IUXWHQSNKNGR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IUXWHQSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"94e6031a03ebb67933d3981f537a83e0d1170eefb12734ff9b6aee96be92deaf","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0e3c525a93ce0ed97d1675ed4120c4a86f822d1d596c5abbd2a31e16f124ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"452f63c24d534d1e453edfa9aa4e255d7ad09651d86271210f2076a4d3b22c7b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.472068Z","signature_b64":"yU5U8fwyxcgeH6bwmCmjI7c9+wq6cFqKk1TVu7sQyuUKVfxnQ7fWSQ0HAAfbqhvwBL+St1w7XeEa8fOdSU5iDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"452f63c24d534d1e453edfa9aa4e255d7ad09651d86271210f2076a4d3b22c7b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.471573Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.471573Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.06653","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fP4QFocjJOGk7Wnqt7NRE6jnyEC1cELyyUDT8qfBiAdBow60XkxikMX8I/aaQAzjhYtm7x8PKVriL4gxlkg5Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:55:33.433669Z"},"content_sha256":"b99af37d069da48b2fcbf8099ad7099b5f477c719c4820bbec442d1383c139e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b99af37d069da48b2fcbf8099ad7099b5f477c719c4820bbec442d1383c139e4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Baotong Lu, Hui Li, James Cheng, Meng Chen, Qianxi Zhang, Qi Chen, Xiangyu Zhi, Xiao Yan","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Similarity-based vector search facilitates many important applications such as search and recommendation but is limited by the memory capacity and bandwidth of a single machine due to large datasets and intensive data read. In this paper, we present CoTra, a system that scales up vector search for distributed execution. We observe a tension between computation and communication efficiency, which is the main challenge for good scalability, i.e., handling the local vectors on each machine independently blows up computation as the pruning power of vector index is not fully utilized, while running"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.06653/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aH/yeJ2OgT4Qi1i20hYFgA7BRylG2RnqYvaqv1cPM1ydk5jmj5/Yi+kXb22CH5YZ3Z6IgtVlwG+6DGfhdKMcAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:55:33.434214Z"},"content_sha256":"2c88d2501658049d2f3c5e946cc8f68e804ce462e17b2cbc55acea0a17aadb93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2c88d2501658049d2f3c5e946cc8f68e804ce462e17b2cbc55acea0a17aadb93"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T04:55:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ636U2UTRFLV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0e3c525a93ce0ed97d1675ed4120c4a86f822d1d596c5abbd2a31e16f124ac9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e6031a03ebb67933d3981f537a83e0d1170eefb12734ff9b6aee96be92deaf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.06653","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.06653v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.06653","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IUXWHQSNKNGR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IUXWHQSNKNGR4RJ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IUXWHQSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2c88d2501658049d2f3c5e946cc8f68e804ce462e17b2cbc55acea0a17aadb93","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.06653/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Similarity-based vector search facilitates many important applications such as search and recommendation but is limited by the memory capacity and bandwidth of a single machine due to large datasets and intensive data read. In this paper, we present CoTra, a system that scales up vector search for distributed execution. We observe a tension between computation and communication efficiency, which is the main challenge for good scalability, i.e., handling the local vectors on each machine independently blows up computation as the pruning power of vector index is not fully utilized, while running","authors_text":"Baotong Lu, Hui Li, James Cheng, Meng Chen, Qianxi Zhang, Qi Chen, Xiangyu Zhi, Xiao Yan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","title":"Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b99af37d069da48b2fcbf8099ad7099b5f477c719c4820bbec442d1383c139e4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0e3c525a93ce0ed97d1675ed4120c4a86f822d1d596c5abbd2a31e16f124ac9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2025-07-09T08:36:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e6031a03ebb67933d3981f537a83e0d1170eefb12734ff9b6aee96be92deaf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.06653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"452f63c24d534d1e453edfa9aa4e255d7ad09651d86271210f2076a4d3b22c7b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"452f63c24d534d1e453edfa9aa4e255d7ad09651d86271210f2076a4d3b22c7b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.471573Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.471573Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yU5U8fwyxcgeH6bwmCmjI7c9+wq6cFqKk1TVu7sQyuUKVfxnQ7fWSQ0HAAfbqhvwBL+St1w7XeEa8fOdSU5iDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:34:20.472068Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.06653","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b99af37d069da48b2fcbf8099ad7099b5f477c719c4820bbec442d1383c139e4","sha256:2c88d2501658049d2f3c5e946cc8f68e804ce462e17b2cbc55acea0a17aadb93"],"state_sha256":"82f35b307eb61e9ca5d296c9d852666b93ccc25747891de950ccc0f5b3bc1c1e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MJLw+RsDbLB881TP7Jp8QGuH1hcsDldNnAE3VeF4wHm7XFaBJtvHT/MRaB2Y1jSgo3APfrWDiVHvQTtmJb0pBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:55:33.439355Z","bundle_sha256":"283d22a9149d8bd9f3467bb7077874e5e13fc45398e382aeb4bba95ab2320ff9"}}