{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6","short_pith_number":"pith:IWM2IHMR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c5a02aef12ddd3547ef4f52d2502605419c272aa13f20a4b79d0c7ab6e1c2f1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"e82ce30df1cdbc7cf05b76867202e74a9efcf2f54b45b371bbdb6b6ee3068d61"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4599a41d910bc02e827fe6c19f93d17fb67765c15608dc2533f2aaff74eed436","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0909.5468","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0909.5468","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0909.5468v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0909.5468","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IWM2IHMRBPAC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IWM2IHMR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c5a02aef12ddd3547ef4f52d2502605419c272aa13f20a4b79d0c7ab6e1c2f1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"e82ce30df1cdbc7cf05b76867202e74a9efcf2f54b45b371bbdb6b6ee3068d61"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4599a41d910bc02e827fe6c19f93d17fb67765c15608dc2533f2aaff74eed436","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827838Z","signature_b64":"gCEcLh29kfy9Je3yTcGLKMph9wNECY217H3O2p9OEplU98Fis+yiIVAAZm8bF6vM+mMK/2VPlAEwXWnzSdNGAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4599a41d910bc02e827fe6c19f93d17fb67765c15608dc2533f2aaff74eed436","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827329Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827329Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0909.5468","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8p+rf/Lrree6s46obiNxbJwAkl1Nbh74ETUg4rYJ02JzOyklADIpjk1hs0ptgBMiY5NDJOh4FU3950atm0pfCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T13:10:40.702849Z"},"content_sha256":"67c483d1067578bb9ba4419ffc79f8066dba07a487410e02e0066bdd7169c816","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:67c483d1067578bb9ba4419ffc79f8066dba07a487410e02e0066bdd7169c816"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Leptogenesis Bound on Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Global Lepton Number","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Pei-Hong Gu, Utpal Sarkar","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new class of leptogenesis bounds on the spontaneous symmetry breaking of global lepton number. These models have a generic feature of inducing new lepton number violating interactions, due to the presence of the Majorons. We analyzed the singlet Majoron model with right-handed neutrinos and find that the lepton number should be broken above 10^5 GeV to realize a successful leptogenesis because the annihilations of the right-handed neutrinos into the massless Majorons and into the standard model Higgs should go out of equilibrium before the sphaleron process is over. We then argue "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CfGoAsdZxCnGq+bXU9gfRWXN9OB+NCzkioc+974On+pZQYVUAFHSMGG3w/MNAB9AZFwx1d3IQGIlpk1LUO13CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T13:10:40.703497Z"},"content_sha256":"5cc9bf8568027013370b2bceba7db2b22404a19c614abe503bb3e03e7ce46eec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5cc9bf8568027013370b2bceba7db2b22404a19c614abe503bb3e03e7ce46eec"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T13:10:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT743AZ7E6RP6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e82ce30df1cdbc7cf05b76867202e74a9efcf2f54b45b371bbdb6b6ee3068d61","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"c5a02aef12ddd3547ef4f52d2502605419c272aa13f20a4b79d0c7ab6e1c2f1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0909.5468","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0909.5468v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0909.5468","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IWM2IHMRBPAC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IWM2IHMRBPAC5AT7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IWM2IHMR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5cc9bf8568027013370b2bceba7db2b22404a19c614abe503bb3e03e7ce46eec","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new class of leptogenesis bounds on the spontaneous symmetry breaking of global lepton number. These models have a generic feature of inducing new lepton number violating interactions, due to the presence of the Majorons. We analyzed the singlet Majoron model with right-handed neutrinos and find that the lepton number should be broken above 10^5 GeV to realize a successful leptogenesis because the annihilations of the right-handed neutrinos into the massless Majorons and into the standard model Higgs should go out of equilibrium before the sphaleron process is over. We then argue ","authors_text":"Pei-Hong Gu, Utpal Sarkar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","title":"Leptogenesis Bound on Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Global Lepton Number"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:67c483d1067578bb9ba4419ffc79f8066dba07a487410e02e0066bdd7169c816","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e82ce30df1cdbc7cf05b76867202e74a9efcf2f54b45b371bbdb6b6ee3068d61","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2009-09-29T23:42:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"c5a02aef12ddd3547ef4f52d2502605419c272aa13f20a4b79d0c7ab6e1c2f1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0909.5468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4599a41d910bc02e827fe6c19f93d17fb67765c15608dc2533f2aaff74eed436","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4599a41d910bc02e827fe6c19f93d17fb67765c15608dc2533f2aaff74eed436","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827329Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827329Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gCEcLh29kfy9Je3yTcGLKMph9wNECY217H3O2p9OEplU98Fis+yiIVAAZm8bF6vM+mMK/2VPlAEwXWnzSdNGAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:28:21.827838Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0909.5468","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:67c483d1067578bb9ba4419ffc79f8066dba07a487410e02e0066bdd7169c816","sha256:5cc9bf8568027013370b2bceba7db2b22404a19c614abe503bb3e03e7ce46eec"],"state_sha256":"9f5e9d8a2394ee62810304b8712861cdf7ca953d095c5ab6b7d3b78b53e06c36"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N+zUOELRGQx6YBNaNHNkASu3Ntr6g8GaG2WmD3SdvS5ity2he+VTCEee/AvQHIWLK0lSAlUIYcG6gfmU3TRQCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T13:10:40.707262Z","bundle_sha256":"6c26f5b5c382f1de62a3968db9e9bf21b8734f04daf314fb75d32ce8a7133fcd"}}