{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB","short_pith_number":"pith:IYHOWGSY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e2ca1b9971bb4b940e046a113ee390f9d3e1f3c41cb3987c5504c79afb099eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"62b86044eebbcff24ffb217700a357361b46baff8ae6d79852a255243043a7eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"460eeb1a583bf5d639e0a4d36d4f7b485df8f2c1a8a904d6e0f2a4b153f75916","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2212.09342","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09342","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09342v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09342","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IYHOWGSYHP25","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IYHOWGSYHP25MOPA","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IYHOWGSY","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e2ca1b9971bb4b940e046a113ee390f9d3e1f3c41cb3987c5504c79afb099eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"62b86044eebbcff24ffb217700a357361b46baff8ae6d79852a255243043a7eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"460eeb1a583bf5d639e0a4d36d4f7b485df8f2c1a8a904d6e0f2a4b153f75916","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248513Z","signature_b64":"r9OsoLNkaaxisMx0xBt1DKAB5Lw3D10ie3j8ySdK8Zmb2aTVlGlKjbRkgQ88ua65OuTwCl5FdF9WAjwqm1v9Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"460eeb1a583bf5d639e0a4d36d4f7b485df8f2c1a8a904d6e0f2a4b153f75916","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248064Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248064Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2212.09342","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WotaACOMVO/mxEtiTM2lRcLM7Xdlkchq9597rIu1Ekot24PedO8w1htHCiEvmavN9Oeu3XTmgfS6tsYFBssXDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:34:48.955241Z"},"content_sha256":"7d5634bf581a5c9f0500022cba0c3251d9f95c3e0f38ef57f0ff3c5af3357abf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7d5634bf581a5c9f0500022cba0c3251d9f95c3e0f38ef57f0ff3c5af3357abf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Explaining Classifications to Non Experts: An XAI User Study of Post Hoc Explanations for a Classifier When People Lack Expertise","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Courtney Ford, Mark T Keane","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Very few eXplainable AI (XAI) studies consider how users understanding of explanations might change depending on whether they know more or less about the to be explained domain (i.e., whether they differ in their expertise). Yet, expertise is a critical facet of most high stakes, human decision making (e.g., understanding how a trainee doctor differs from an experienced consultant). Accordingly, this paper reports a novel, user study (N=96) on how peoples expertise in a domain affects their understanding of post-hoc explanations by example for a deep-learning, black box classifier. The results"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09342/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iFpWWDddLG8awTQuHDtWVMgBttBLz57NLsi99QPQf5d7OrJuU1Ksl7KvDiKBNQ9hb8kP52G1HauXh+hk6ySpBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:34:48.955820Z"},"content_sha256":"adcc02bef615665741d683c71883acde05cdac306cd0e2daf527c080c5ed8d1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:adcc02bef615665741d683c71883acde05cdac306cd0e2daf527c080c5ed8d1e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T11:34:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:IYHOWGSYHP25MOPAUTJW2T33JB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"62b86044eebbcff24ffb217700a357361b46baff8ae6d79852a255243043a7eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e2ca1b9971bb4b940e046a113ee390f9d3e1f3c41cb3987c5504c79afb099eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09342","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09342v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09342","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IYHOWGSYHP25","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IYHOWGSYHP25MOPA","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IYHOWGSY","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:adcc02bef615665741d683c71883acde05cdac306cd0e2daf527c080c5ed8d1e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09342/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Very few eXplainable AI (XAI) studies consider how users understanding of explanations might change depending on whether they know more or less about the to be explained domain (i.e., whether they differ in their expertise). Yet, expertise is a critical facet of most high stakes, human decision making (e.g., understanding how a trainee doctor differs from an experienced consultant). Accordingly, this paper reports a novel, user study (N=96) on how peoples expertise in a domain affects their understanding of post-hoc explanations by example for a deep-learning, black box classifier. The results","authors_text":"Courtney Ford, Mark T Keane","cross_cats":["cs.HC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","title":"Explaining Classifications to Non Experts: An XAI User Study of Post Hoc Explanations for a Classifier When People Lack Expertise"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7d5634bf581a5c9f0500022cba0c3251d9f95c3e0f38ef57f0ff3c5af3357abf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"62b86044eebbcff24ffb217700a357361b46baff8ae6d79852a255243043a7eb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.HC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T10:19:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e2ca1b9971bb4b940e046a113ee390f9d3e1f3c41cb3987c5504c79afb099eb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09342","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"460eeb1a583bf5d639e0a4d36d4f7b485df8f2c1a8a904d6e0f2a4b153f75916","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"460eeb1a583bf5d639e0a4d36d4f7b485df8f2c1a8a904d6e0f2a4b153f75916","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248064Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248064Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"r9OsoLNkaaxisMx0xBt1DKAB5Lw3D10ie3j8ySdK8Zmb2aTVlGlKjbRkgQ88ua65OuTwCl5FdF9WAjwqm1v9Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:26:21.248513Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.09342","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7d5634bf581a5c9f0500022cba0c3251d9f95c3e0f38ef57f0ff3c5af3357abf","sha256:adcc02bef615665741d683c71883acde05cdac306cd0e2daf527c080c5ed8d1e"],"state_sha256":"96ece957840b78f45f62f79137e99f5a7daed3339c01e45552159e352677eac5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6EnsazY22B/l339OlN3Elt5gNeKye5spyt/cEBO3K5SHdnygHvN0ZwM5QS00zY/plWLbKiAuZeWmUNhStGFMAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T11:34:48.960728Z","bundle_sha256":"46bddf3be2c9ac6dbde22686f0af616e2c452a1d12c17d595ecd08db101e6314"}}