{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH","short_pith_number":"pith:IZ23KABG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fc99a04a101b4ab9a21a4ca8dc20964882ad9e90be8cb129c82e883fd288a2a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"789bcd4f1c698e5735cc45c241cbae436c1329449be2017307874f3e339dfa03"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4675b500269c16e08484b31e4e994871ddaf01a552445921ba81d90ea2c97e98","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.06337","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.06337","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.06337v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.06337","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZ23KABGTQLO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZ23KABGTQLOBBEE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZ23KABG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fc99a04a101b4ab9a21a4ca8dc20964882ad9e90be8cb129c82e883fd288a2a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"789bcd4f1c698e5735cc45c241cbae436c1329449be2017307874f3e339dfa03"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4675b500269c16e08484b31e4e994871ddaf01a552445921ba81d90ea2c97e98","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145676Z","signature_b64":"sIYe4pIKMRVpyZCA01oJLF3Jvd1leZNpJKcrO6jRalcw+0z3v8frLE23mPc0aQPu0zswuv9cnRLODhiQbMWJBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4675b500269c16e08484b31e4e994871ddaf01a552445921ba81d90ea2c97e98","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145192Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.06337","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bhxqyRpyAvchQxDiCoAkpWjKSkDIsfKI4vm53MsSPMEo/kw0X8EySXd9ip0vaSxq4o+bfFKUojeEGGzgmQiyAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T22:10:40.103089Z"},"content_sha256":"fdf880d4c836ff1c9b49d0c8f6d337dff5d72a14e4af4dd688ac66fc54ca3e27","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fdf880d4c836ff1c9b49d0c8f6d337dff5d72a14e4af4dd688ac66fc54ca3e27"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hydrocarbon emission rings in protoplanetary disks induced by dust evolution","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Edwin A. Bergin, Fujun Du, Geoffrey A. Blake, Kamber Schwarz, Ke Zhang, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Ruud Visser","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report observations of resolved C2H emission rings within the gas-rich protoplanetary disks of TW Hya and DM Tau using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). In each case the emission ring is found to arise at the edge of the observable disk of mm-sized grains (pebbles) traced by (sub)mm-wave continuum emission. In addition, we detect a C3H2 emission ring with an identical spatial distribution to C2H in the TW Hya disk. This suggests that these are hydrocarbon rings (i.e. not limited to C2H). Using a detailed thermo-chemical model we show that reproducing the emission from C2H requires "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f6TJRWnB0jhd+0R9Wzqe8/ZKtx22EwylHjHNj+iwpPvm+mOa/YNujADcsMBV2DcE4ZtI1Wj8TWXLFVJPmte2Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T22:10:40.103798Z"},"content_sha256":"50ad3e380cccdaceb548943f82d4058100c714e9eef1943e3dc63f05ac8339a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:50ad3e380cccdaceb548943f82d4058100c714e9eef1943e3dc63f05ac8339a1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T22:10:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:IZ23KABGTQLOBBEEWMPE5GKIOH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"789bcd4f1c698e5735cc45c241cbae436c1329449be2017307874f3e339dfa03","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc99a04a101b4ab9a21a4ca8dc20964882ad9e90be8cb129c82e883fd288a2a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.06337","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.06337v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.06337","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZ23KABGTQLO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZ23KABGTQLOBBEE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZ23KABG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:50ad3e380cccdaceb548943f82d4058100c714e9eef1943e3dc63f05ac8339a1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report observations of resolved C2H emission rings within the gas-rich protoplanetary disks of TW Hya and DM Tau using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). In each case the emission ring is found to arise at the edge of the observable disk of mm-sized grains (pebbles) traced by (sub)mm-wave continuum emission. In addition, we detect a C3H2 emission ring with an identical spatial distribution to C2H in the TW Hya disk. This suggests that these are hydrocarbon rings (i.e. not limited to C2H). Using a detailed thermo-chemical model we show that reproducing the emission from C2H requires ","authors_text":"Edwin A. Bergin, Fujun Du, Geoffrey A. Blake, Kamber Schwarz, Ke Zhang, L. Ilsedore Cleeves, Ruud Visser","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","title":"Hydrocarbon emission rings in protoplanetary disks induced by dust evolution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fdf880d4c836ff1c9b49d0c8f6d337dff5d72a14e4af4dd688ac66fc54ca3e27","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"789bcd4f1c698e5735cc45c241cbae436c1329449be2017307874f3e339dfa03","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2016-09-20T20:18:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"fc99a04a101b4ab9a21a4ca8dc20964882ad9e90be8cb129c82e883fd288a2a2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.06337","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4675b500269c16e08484b31e4e994871ddaf01a552445921ba81d90ea2c97e98","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4675b500269c16e08484b31e4e994871ddaf01a552445921ba81d90ea2c97e98","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145192Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145192Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sIYe4pIKMRVpyZCA01oJLF3Jvd1leZNpJKcrO6jRalcw+0z3v8frLE23mPc0aQPu0zswuv9cnRLODhiQbMWJBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:57.145676Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.06337","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fdf880d4c836ff1c9b49d0c8f6d337dff5d72a14e4af4dd688ac66fc54ca3e27","sha256:50ad3e380cccdaceb548943f82d4058100c714e9eef1943e3dc63f05ac8339a1"],"state_sha256":"996dab5386bb8b3f13ddca4a25ecd55783df509e24ff51ad169c6507683d2437"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zr3gw1DR2hAtqzZv33ludNHor5SZA5p2xNBmdsRBr2guwJs9c63PxIIcUDfrJeubkFXP+er8ICLb71Qj6lo+AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T22:10:40.107953Z","bundle_sha256":"900248a9d940afb2cd77b79360d33512f3ceeb454f72f810e772c72cde3f2ffe"}}