{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5","short_pith_number":"pith:IZGHA42X","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"57e1334a5d3dc05dd944e3894b016b43bb81f27c9698335d65da685242cce007","abstract_canon_sha256":"788fdca67adbc296622d4c726bbe5b98e7260fca5baa5905f07ad7cd740a5637"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"464c7073577ed056ec6f5f316aab492f7db7bf32d3e5a761679a08a826e69dea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.16331","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.16331","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.16331v4","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.16331","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZGHA42XP3IF","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZGHA42XP3IFN3DP","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZGHA42X","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"57e1334a5d3dc05dd944e3894b016b43bb81f27c9698335d65da685242cce007","abstract_canon_sha256":"788fdca67adbc296622d4c726bbe5b98e7260fca5baa5905f07ad7cd740a5637"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"464c7073577ed056ec6f5f316aab492f7db7bf32d3e5a761679a08a826e69dea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.505741Z","signature_b64":"duoMTmxgPFsJz8osyey2Zc/D7T7vCXfkIPwpEN1mu3z+6RDu2S/RNkQG+7Rj4MDnD8EA4ewv9j4lHM1rg1UcBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"464c7073577ed056ec6f5f316aab492f7db7bf32d3e5a761679a08a826e69dea","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.504212Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.504212Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.16331","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T9KACa44cU4ZBFdSL/UApdKLydfwlSQKNbRiBSJ8HzDXw6b94bABXf7IFzhYw3tXUK8AXJcFDfr00OpJ6HORAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:35:54.424945Z"},"content_sha256":"481ce9d9b7b101c296e06ad560b0cb0ba4d6f7db522f2bd8774c109b0a1d96db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:481ce9d9b7b101c296e06ad560b0cb0ba4d6f7db522f2bd8774c109b0a1d96db"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Re:Form -- Reducing Human Annotations in Scalable Formal Software Verification with RL in LLMs: A Preliminary Study on Dafny","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Binhang Yuan, Bowen Zhou, Chenghua Lin, Chuanhao Yan, Fengdi Che, Hang Zhao, Jie Fu, Jingzhe Shi, Xingwei Qu, Xin Li, Xuhan Huang, Xu Xu, Yaodong Yang, Yizhi Li, Yu Qiao","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Existing informal language-based (e.g., human language) Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) face a significant challenge: their verification processes, which provide crucial training signals, are neither reliable nor scalable. In fact, the prevalent large proprietary models could hardly generate verifiable programs. A promising yet largely uncharted alternative is formal language-based reasoning. Grounding LLMs in rigorous formal systems where generative models operate in formal language spaces (e.g., Dafny) enables the automatic and mathematically provable ve"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.16331/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5I6i0DNyqspHOiBYxhQdU0z1h1XIDy+Y2VIeKys4eBVuIm7i6PhluuCTiCfoYH/r9/E9PDL288dSrW6sFieUBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:35:54.425449Z"},"content_sha256":"f9ba54d0296585117784e9bb438f107c0f3787fec9f1e93f68aee852ec3fc881","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f9ba54d0296585117784e9bb438f107c0f3787fec9f1e93f68aee852ec3fc881"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T20:35:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:IZGHA42XP3IFN3DPL4YWVK2JF5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"788fdca67adbc296622d4c726bbe5b98e7260fca5baa5905f07ad7cd740a5637","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"57e1334a5d3dc05dd944e3894b016b43bb81f27c9698335d65da685242cce007"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.16331","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.16331v4","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.16331","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"IZGHA42XP3IF","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"IZGHA42XP3IFN3DP","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"IZGHA42X","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f9ba54d0296585117784e9bb438f107c0f3787fec9f1e93f68aee852ec3fc881","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.16331/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Existing informal language-based (e.g., human language) Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) face a significant challenge: their verification processes, which provide crucial training signals, are neither reliable nor scalable. In fact, the prevalent large proprietary models could hardly generate verifiable programs. A promising yet largely uncharted alternative is formal language-based reasoning. Grounding LLMs in rigorous formal systems where generative models operate in formal language spaces (e.g., Dafny) enables the automatic and mathematically provable ve","authors_text":"Binhang Yuan, Bowen Zhou, Chenghua Lin, Chuanhao Yan, Fengdi Che, Hang Zhao, Jie Fu, Jingzhe Shi, Xingwei Qu, Xin Li, Xuhan Huang, Xu Xu, Yaodong Yang, Yizhi Li, Yu Qiao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","title":"Re:Form -- Reducing Human Annotations in Scalable Formal Software Verification with RL in LLMs: A Preliminary Study on Dafny"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:481ce9d9b7b101c296e06ad560b0cb0ba4d6f7db522f2bd8774c109b0a1d96db","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"788fdca67adbc296622d4c726bbe5b98e7260fca5baa5905f07ad7cd740a5637","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T08:13:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"57e1334a5d3dc05dd944e3894b016b43bb81f27c9698335d65da685242cce007"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.16331","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"464c7073577ed056ec6f5f316aab492f7db7bf32d3e5a761679a08a826e69dea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"464c7073577ed056ec6f5f316aab492f7db7bf32d3e5a761679a08a826e69dea","first_computed_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.504212Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.504212Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"duoMTmxgPFsJz8osyey2Zc/D7T7vCXfkIPwpEN1mu3z+6RDu2S/RNkQG+7Rj4MDnD8EA4ewv9j4lHM1rg1UcBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-07T01:15:56.505741Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.16331","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:481ce9d9b7b101c296e06ad560b0cb0ba4d6f7db522f2bd8774c109b0a1d96db","sha256:f9ba54d0296585117784e9bb438f107c0f3787fec9f1e93f68aee852ec3fc881"],"state_sha256":"1f0eb85d8503bd7f319bbd9b6f57f40105ea7fd33baba1bbaeab3d7416a48f58"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q4/4qbPILG1CRn2uZL9ecM7PmWoDt64FK/DzjABnM9MCbGFG2bs9xB+D0MieZ5Uhu93C6NNk62c5qz0urAeQBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T20:35:54.428932Z","bundle_sha256":"2c47b8a7338ab63f70cae7880053e3ddeca31d8826b86e8134cde163fde04590"}}