{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR","short_pith_number":"pith:J22ZMGXX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cb7b6ccfd7588a3699575b06f532dd0036abb6a7cc012a255d846a9a92b3cfcf","abstract_canon_sha256":"20fff8d0b197ae83a8d0791a0e247a396a375bd9369a84bc70e68877e0e78a73"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4eb5961af7358a9dffe8b34da6f0e11c7822af4f5bcc7587dfb9199a01066f54","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.1936","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.1936","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.1936v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.1936","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J22ZMGXXGWFJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J22ZMGXXGWFJ377I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J22ZMGXX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cb7b6ccfd7588a3699575b06f532dd0036abb6a7cc012a255d846a9a92b3cfcf","abstract_canon_sha256":"20fff8d0b197ae83a8d0791a0e247a396a375bd9369a84bc70e68877e0e78a73"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4eb5961af7358a9dffe8b34da6f0e11c7822af4f5bcc7587dfb9199a01066f54","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833862Z","signature_b64":"ulXTDgh9Dc3dgqqzo1PNHy1VtulbdXTgn5tIze6IbhLpCseEBvqFlKL/U74dE5Vh5jpSpD+fXs6hXyJPNYoCDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4eb5961af7358a9dffe8b34da6f0e11c7822af4f5bcc7587dfb9199a01066f54","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833301Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833301Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1408.1936","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aZRpy/y1aviNV/z4f5EGhTVeHLhtP68BLJsdul8YkkLfflH3g17EGg9PLo+mS4iJOoeu5qIkda3qz86/TDCCBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:44:12.245753Z"},"content_sha256":"0560cac200d8d5f0455d5972be5b8d44b9ac4f1de8afb4f2a5d307b3764dffb2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0560cac200d8d5f0455d5972be5b8d44b9ac4f1de8afb4f2a5d307b3764dffb2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Validation of a Conceptual Assessment Tool in E&M II","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Cecilia Astolfi, Charles Baily, Qing X. Ryan, Steven J. Pollock","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"As part of an ongoing project to investigate student learning in upper-division electrodynamics (E&M II), the PER research group at the University of Colorado Boulder has developed a tool to assess student conceptual understanding: the CURrENT (Colorado UppeR-division ElectrodyNamics Test). The result is an open-ended post-test diagnostic with 6 multi-part questions, an optional 3-question pretest, and an accompanying grading rubric. This instrument is motivated in part by our faculty-consensus learning goals, and is intended to help measure the effectiveness of transformed pedagogy. In additi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gBl3IkbFdMtuN+lloeUTaV5kiOHJZtXtvn27vH2P8+lC11Jg166wy/Zc+5SPgXk3RNdQj2BeFQ+/XiDfYTRHBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:44:12.246432Z"},"content_sha256":"2f14f37172e68449cd286ffbe326ab56aa92712aef292cbf070e707ba8698e21","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f14f37172e68449cd286ffbe326ab56aa92712aef292cbf070e707ba8698e21"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T12:44:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J22ZMGXXGWFJ377IWNG2N4HBDR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"20fff8d0b197ae83a8d0791a0e247a396a375bd9369a84bc70e68877e0e78a73","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"cb7b6ccfd7588a3699575b06f532dd0036abb6a7cc012a255d846a9a92b3cfcf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.1936","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.1936v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.1936","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J22ZMGXXGWFJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J22ZMGXXGWFJ377I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J22ZMGXX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2f14f37172e68449cd286ffbe326ab56aa92712aef292cbf070e707ba8698e21","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As part of an ongoing project to investigate student learning in upper-division electrodynamics (E&M II), the PER research group at the University of Colorado Boulder has developed a tool to assess student conceptual understanding: the CURrENT (Colorado UppeR-division ElectrodyNamics Test). The result is an open-ended post-test diagnostic with 6 multi-part questions, an optional 3-question pretest, and an accompanying grading rubric. This instrument is motivated in part by our faculty-consensus learning goals, and is intended to help measure the effectiveness of transformed pedagogy. In additi","authors_text":"Cecilia Astolfi, Charles Baily, Qing X. Ryan, Steven J. Pollock","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","title":"Validation of a Conceptual Assessment Tool in E&M II"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0560cac200d8d5f0455d5972be5b8d44b9ac4f1de8afb4f2a5d307b3764dffb2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"20fff8d0b197ae83a8d0791a0e247a396a375bd9369a84bc70e68877e0e78a73","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-08-08T18:49:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"cb7b6ccfd7588a3699575b06f532dd0036abb6a7cc012a255d846a9a92b3cfcf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.1936","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4eb5961af7358a9dffe8b34da6f0e11c7822af4f5bcc7587dfb9199a01066f54","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4eb5961af7358a9dffe8b34da6f0e11c7822af4f5bcc7587dfb9199a01066f54","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833301Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833301Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ulXTDgh9Dc3dgqqzo1PNHy1VtulbdXTgn5tIze6IbhLpCseEBvqFlKL/U74dE5Vh5jpSpD+fXs6hXyJPNYoCDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:38.833862Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1408.1936","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0560cac200d8d5f0455d5972be5b8d44b9ac4f1de8afb4f2a5d307b3764dffb2","sha256:2f14f37172e68449cd286ffbe326ab56aa92712aef292cbf070e707ba8698e21"],"state_sha256":"9bf3bbb1b4989ee43e279a22388d3d57a84767ae8013b9cc1d274dc15d52af0b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J5r5gj6XP0atHiNHMPnX+2zQgsrB4v6aLDCRACVFOR+J+WmyZhsyPzXyIyq6mgMVs1mhGKv1Uupeee2aoDQjCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T12:44:12.250139Z","bundle_sha256":"c14efd2d4efa9717c40cd12dc95ea7ae5db0f11609da1520245108e0a1da88ea"}}