{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H","short_pith_number":"pith:J23EGKBX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1ef0ec7fe9569f4e3262c5111faed3a5ec0ca37ab46ec65b46f37eedd0f0c881","abstract_canon_sha256":"9b7469b9281f2934ee0f14186a1dbabb93306e3e7ab6d92578db7811e0ee2ce1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4eb64328373ee958c0de9c31dfdcbde9d626d5d20523cb963dd11eb929373aa6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.5511","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.5511","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.5511v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.5511","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J23EGKBXH3UV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J23EGKBX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1ef0ec7fe9569f4e3262c5111faed3a5ec0ca37ab46ec65b46f37eedd0f0c881","abstract_canon_sha256":"9b7469b9281f2934ee0f14186a1dbabb93306e3e7ab6d92578db7811e0ee2ce1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"4eb64328373ee958c0de9c31dfdcbde9d626d5d20523cb963dd11eb929373aa6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.175091Z","signature_b64":"m611O5G0lqhD9kNFFaNh1HR5QINI3/IjUQDBNyayhMyOIN30rmdsAdcb9yPfpMq4hnKMMAr11k4hLhsYO2JdAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"4eb64328373ee958c0de9c31dfdcbde9d626d5d20523cb963dd11eb929373aa6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.174293Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.174293Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.5511","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pIVhk4l6XrWh+lv2PY3ZWR2uK/CPrwXmy2iNu2hKnDtSXhWbwt4ulPzDM0BaqvwNVnctLv+akGJba5IcEXVeAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:39:10.515637Z"},"content_sha256":"32a5080add74ab0c249ddf4ff00bf91a3e208dad0f625522e008ec35af07b668","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:32a5080add74ab0c249ddf4ff00bf91a3e208dad0f625522e008ec35af07b668"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Coactive Learning for Locally Optimal Problem Solving","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Alan Fern, Prasad Tadepalli, Robby Goetschalckx","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Coactive learning is an online problem solving setting where the solutions provided by a solver are interactively improved by a domain expert, which in turn drives learning. In this paper we extend the study of coactive learning to problems where obtaining a globally optimal or near-optimal solution may be intractable or where an expert can only be expected to make small, local improvements to a candidate solution. The goal of learning in this new setting is to minimize the cost as measured by the expert effort over time. We first establish theoretical bounds on the average cost of the existin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"coKN59sno0GFGn3Kv1a+WdCc+6lLiSo9nfJLRo+VpHykXEs87N3SyAn1XiUp60JrLlUyBbKQ5BKbSxfRktW3Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:39:10.516377Z"},"content_sha256":"afe629473df36e8252e618f13cc341342a09c29d539b8abcaef6d590b0bf28d3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:afe629473df36e8252e618f13cc341342a09c29d539b8abcaef6d590b0bf28d3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T17:39:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6TQY57XF55H","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9b7469b9281f2934ee0f14186a1dbabb93306e3e7ab6d92578db7811e0ee2ce1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ef0ec7fe9569f4e3262c5111faed3a5ec0ca37ab46ec65b46f37eedd0f0c881"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.5511","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.5511v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.5511","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"J23EGKBXH3UV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"J23EGKBXH3UVRQG6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"J23EGKBX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:afe629473df36e8252e618f13cc341342a09c29d539b8abcaef6d590b0bf28d3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Coactive learning is an online problem solving setting where the solutions provided by a solver are interactively improved by a domain expert, which in turn drives learning. In this paper we extend the study of coactive learning to problems where obtaining a globally optimal or near-optimal solution may be intractable or where an expert can only be expected to make small, local improvements to a candidate solution. The goal of learning in this new setting is to minimize the cost as measured by the expert effort over time. We first establish theoretical bounds on the average cost of the existin","authors_text":"Alan Fern, Prasad Tadepalli, Robby Goetschalckx","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","title":"Coactive Learning for Locally Optimal Problem Solving"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:32a5080add74ab0c249ddf4ff00bf91a3e208dad0f625522e008ec35af07b668","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9b7469b9281f2934ee0f14186a1dbabb93306e3e7ab6d92578db7811e0ee2ce1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2014-04-18T21:17:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"1ef0ec7fe9569f4e3262c5111faed3a5ec0ca37ab46ec65b46f37eedd0f0c881"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.5511","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"4eb64328373ee958c0de9c31dfdcbde9d626d5d20523cb963dd11eb929373aa6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"4eb64328373ee958c0de9c31dfdcbde9d626d5d20523cb963dd11eb929373aa6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.174293Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.174293Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"m611O5G0lqhD9kNFFaNh1HR5QINI3/IjUQDBNyayhMyOIN30rmdsAdcb9yPfpMq4hnKMMAr11k4hLhsYO2JdAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:31.175091Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.5511","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:32a5080add74ab0c249ddf4ff00bf91a3e208dad0f625522e008ec35af07b668","sha256:afe629473df36e8252e618f13cc341342a09c29d539b8abcaef6d590b0bf28d3"],"state_sha256":"87f39aabeb51f51ebe7fd587e168252893a0f19105527f8cb527ed2959e4b60c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CTYLIFGI61ETBw1HKsePee1ZJsEsRNRs1moWZipyqCxPtjYr6DMW99xWlWy2g5YV+n8kc9b4szvyP6TEkhbtCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:39:10.520388Z","bundle_sha256":"bc8acb3d71c46f72a0be0e5943d1029e946b9f48c10c02b612f3dfb3f20b524e"}}